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Izikhundla zokufaka amandla kwe-AC: Zingcono kanye nezingaphambili
Isikhundla sokufaka amandla kwe-AC sifaka umoya wokufaka amandla kwe-AC ngqo kumoto, apho isikhundla sokufaka amandla esikhundla sishintsha kwe-DC. Izinkampani zokusebenza kwekhaya ziyasebenzisa i-7 kW — ngokupheleleyo i-32 A kwe-230 V — kanye ne-22 kW kwezindlu zokusebenza ezinamathuba amathathu. Lezi zikhundla zisilula kusukela, zingabikho kumkhawulo, futhi zingafanele lapho amakhombe akhuluma amahora amaningi. Ukufaka amandla kwekhaya nokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kuyasebenzisa kakhulu i-AC, ngoba umoto ufaka amandla ngokushesha lapho uhlale kwekhaya futhi umkhawulo wendawo uyasebenza ngokupheleleyo. Isikhundla sokufaka amandla kwe-AC yisikhundla esiphambili sokuguqula umoto wesikhundla sokufaka amandla.
Emuva wokubhala, ipile yokufaka amandla kusiza ukuthi ibe yisikhungo. I-RCD esithile ne-breaker esifanele sibophelela ukuthi isimo sokugqibela asiphume emuva. I-AC charging pile encane iyathola ubukhulu bakhe ngokuphakanyiswa kwempilo, lokho okuyisibonelo sokuthi isebenza kakhulu kwezindawo zokusebenza nezindawo zokuhlela.
I-DC Charging Piles: Ziyakhala kodwa ziyadlula amandla
I-DC charging pile iyagcina ukuguqula emkhiweni, iyafaka amandla e-DC ngqo ekhanda. Amakhwama amandla ayaphila kusukela ku-30 kW kwezinkulungwane ezincane ku-120 kW, 180 kW futhi kangangokuthi kuzo zizindawo zokugcina emaphethini. I-DC charging pile yoku-120 kW iyakwenzela ukuthi umkhondo uzide ngemizuzu eyishumi namabili, kodwa iyadinga umkhondo omkhulu wezindawo, ukuchitha okuphambili, nokubophelela kahle. Izindawo zokugcina, izindawo zokufaka amandla, nezindawo zokuthengisa izinto ziyasebenzisa i-DC ngoba izihlathi azinakwenzela ukuthi izihlathi zibe phakade emuva. I-DC charging pile ihlanganisa amandla amakhulu kwe-transformer yendawo, ngakho-ke ukuthi ukubeka yena ngezinye nezindawo zokufaka amandla eziyinqanaba ziyakwenzela izinkinga.
Ukuhlula kuyisiphumo sokuthi ipile yokucharga ya-DC iyakwenzela kuphi. Amathuluzi okuhlanza ngokuphambuka kwamanzi ayasebenza kumsebenzi wokuphansi; amaphoyinti okucharga okunamathuluzi okuhlanza ngamanzi ayakhubaza amandla aphezulu ngemva yezinsuku eziningi. Ipile yokucharga eyodwa kwezinye izinsuku iyakwala umsebenzi wakho, ngakho ke isikhumba nesikhundla sokufaka kuyaseta umsebenzi wakho wokugcina.
Amaphoyinti Okumandla Ngamazwi Amashumi
Khumbula ngamathathu amaphoyinti. Ngaphezu kwe-22 kW kuyabhekisa ekhaya nokusebenza kwe-AC. Phakathi kwe-30 kW kunye ne-60 kW kuyasebenza kwezindawo zokufika nokucharga kwezibomvu zokusebenza kwe-DC. Ngaphezu kwe-120 kW kuyasebenza kwezindlela zokugqibela kwezindawo zokukhanya kwezomthetho kanye nezindawo eziphansi kwezomthetho. Ipile yokucharga esihle iyahambisana nenkathi yokuhlala: ukuhlala kude kuyabhekisa kwe-AC engeyona mali, ukuhlala okuphansi kuyabhekisa kwe-DC engeyona mali. Ukufaka ipile yokucharga enkulu kunezidingo ziyakwakha imali, ukufaka ipile yokucharga engenani kuyakwakha abasebenzi kanye nokuphatha kwezinto zokusebenza. Umthwalo wokubhodha kufanele uhambe ngendlela yokusebenza, akafanele uhambe ngendlela yokubhodha, futhi ipile yokucharga kufanele ikhanyise ngokuhambisana nezinhlobo zezithonjwa zokusebenza zokufaka.
Umthwalo uyahambisana nomandla. Ipile yokucharga ye-7 kW iyathola isilinganiso sesilinganiso se-180 kW, futhi umsebenzi welektrikhu uyahambisana ngendlela ethi. Ukuspecifya ipile yokucharga ephezulu kunezidingo zokusebenza kuyakwakha umbhali wokusebenza kanye ukukhanya kwezinkinga.
Imithambo nezindlela zokukhetha izipile zokufaka amandla
Imithambo eyenza isipile sokufaka amandla isibonelo sesibindi
Amakhombo esibindi ayasebenza ngemithambo etholakalayo. I-IEC 61851 iyachaza imithambo yokufaka amandla nokuphepha kwezinkampani zokunika amandla kwe-ev. I-IEC 62196 iyachaza iimphakathi zokufaka amandla nezindlela zokugxilwa ukuze isipile sokufaka amandla sifanele kumoto, akuyiyo umoto oyifanele kusipile. I-ISO 15118 iyavumela ukuxhumana phakathi kweemoto nezikhumba zokufaka amandla ngendlela yokuqala-kufaka. Emzantsi Afrika, i-NFPA 70 (i-NEC) i-Article 625 iyabophepha ukugxilwa kwezikhumba zokufaka amandla, ngelixa i-UL 2594 iyabophepha ubukhulu bokufaka amandla; i-OSHA 29 CFR 1910 iyabophepha abasebenzi bokufaka amandla. Umsebenzo wokubophepha kwe-EMC uyasebenza ngokwale mithambo ye-IEC 62311, futhi umthengisi osebenzisa i-ISO 9001 uyasho ukuthi uyasebenza ngokuphelele kweziqukitho. I-Hongxin Intelligent Technology iyathola le ndlela yokuqondisa izinhlangano kuzo zonke izinkampani Zokuzinikela nezinhlangano zokuhambisa, kusukela emaqhingini okuhambisa amandla kuze kumaphakathi amashumi amabili amahlukene, ukuze isipile sokufaka amandla siyisipart yesiqondiso esihlukile. I-Hongxin iyagcina le mithambo ngokuphelele ngezinsuku ezimbili amashumi amabili nezinye zokusebenza kwezinhlangano zamandla.
Imibhalo ivala umjikelezo. Inqwaba yokushaja ethunyelwe enezinhlaka ezicacile zokushaja kanye namarekhodi okuhlola iyashesha ukuvunywa futhi iphephe ukusebenza, futhi ifika isilungele ukusebenza ngaphansi kokulandeleka okulindelwe yi-ISO 9001.
Ukufanisa, Ukuhlola Nokunakekela
Khetha inqwaba yokushaja ngesimo kuqala. Izindlu namahhovisi: AC, 722 kW. Izindawo zokugcina izimoto: DC 60180 kW ngamafasitela angahleliwe. Imigwaqo emikhulu: DC 120 kW plus enezixhumi eziningi. Hlola njalo ngenyanga ukuthola iziphetho ezixekethile, ukugqwala kwekhebula nokuvinjelwa komoya; qinisekisa ukuthi imitha iqhathaniswa nemitha ehlakaniphile yesikhathi esisodwa. Hlela ukuhlola ukushisa njalo ngonyaka lapho kunokuxhumana okuyinhloko. Gcina i-firmware isesikhathini ukuze ivumelane ne-ISO 15118. Uhlu lokuhlola oluhlelekile lwenza inqwaba yokushaja ihlale iphephile, itholakala futhi ihambisana nemithetho isikhathi eside ngemva kokuphathwa kwayo. I-Hongxin isekela opharetha ngezixazululo eziphelele zokusabalalisa umjikelezo wokuphila ezigcina inqwaba yokushaja ikhiqiza impilo yayo yonke.
Ukufunda kunezinkinga ezifana nezinkampani. Abasebenzi abazi ukufunda isimo sesikhumba sokucharga nokubuyisela indlela yokusebenza yekhobhile ekhuphukile, bavula uservisi ngemizuzu eminye. Isikhumba sokucharga esisihlwa ngoba akukho muntu awabheka iphaneli sisebenza ngokufanayo nesikhumba esithile, ngakho ubukhulu bakwezomsebenzisi kuyisiphepho sakwesicelo. Ukuze uqonde ngumthombo wokwenza nokuthembeka kwakhe, bheka isiphephelo-sokuhlanganisa .
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo: Kuphi umahluko phakathi kokucharga kwe-AC nokwe-DC?
Impendulo: Isikhumba sokucharga kwe-AC sithumela i-current ephambili (AC) ekhaya, apho isikhumba esikhiywa kusuka ekhaya sibuyisela ku-DC; amandla ayaphansi kwe-22 kW kubalulekile kwezinhlobo zokusebenza. Isikhumba sokucharga kwe-DC sibuyisela kusuka kugumbi futhi sithumela ngqo ekhaya, sifika kuma-60–180 kW noma kangakanani. Ukucharga kwe-AC kuyasebenza kahle kumaphoyinti okucharga kakhulu ekhaya noma kusebenzela, ngakho ukucharga kwe-DC kuyasebenza kahle kumaphoyinti okucharga kahle lapho izihlwa azikwazi ukusinda phakathi kwezikhathi zokuhamba.
Umbuzo: Isikhumba sokucharga kwekhaya sifuna amandla angakanani?
Impendulo: Izindlu eziningi zisebenzisa i-charging pile yase-AC engu-7 kW kwe-circuit eyodwa ye-32 A ngemvume ye-230 V, okuyidinga ukubuyela kwesikhathi sokuhamba ngomso ngemuva kwezinsuku. Amathuba ase-three-phase ayakwazi ukufika ku-22 kW. Kudingeka ukuthi kwenziwe umhlazo wokubala kwesiqulethe sokugcina phambi kokufaka, futhi i-breaker ephendulwe ngokuphelele iyakuvikela i-circuit kusukela kwezinkinga zokuchitha kwezintambo. Yenza inkimbinkimbi yocharging pile ngokwakho umthwalo ukuze usuke ukuthi i-breaker ethile yekhaya ibe yisibonelo.
Umbuzo: Iyiphi indlela yokuxhumana eyofanele isite ephambili isebenzise?
Impendulo: Amasite ephambili kufanele abhekise ku-IEC 62196 kumathuba okuxhumana nokuxhumana kwe-ISO 15118, kusukela ku-Type 2 ne-CCS lapha amakhombe akhona ngokujabulisayo. Lokhu kungavikela ukusebenzisa amacharger athile futhi abe ngabantu abazihlukaniswa. Ukuxhumana kwe-charging pile ngokuxhumana kwekhaya kwezinhlobo zamakhombe kuyinto enkulu ekuvikeleni ukuthi lokhu kuyakwenzeka ngokuphatha kwezimali. Qiniseka izinhlobo zezindawo zokuxhumana phambi kokuthenga, njengoba ukuxhumana kuyahluka ngokwesifundo.
Umbuzo: Iziphi izindlela zokusebenza kwezimali zokuxhumana kwe-EV?
Impendulo: IEC 61851 iyabonisa imithambo yokufaka amandla kanye nezinhlelo zokuvikela, IEC 62196 iyachaza izihlakiso, futhi IEC 62311 iyavikela i-EMC. Emazweni e-Amerika, i-NEC Article 625 kanye ne-UL 2594 zisebenza, nase-OSHA 29 CFR 1910 yasemthambo wokuvikela abasebenzi. ISO 9001 ibonisa ubukhulu bomsebenzi wokwakha. Ukulandela lezi zinhlelo kusiza ukuthi isikhumba sokufaka amandla sibe salwa, sibonekiswe ngokulinganayo, kanye nokubonwa ngokulinganayo emazweni onke kanye nemibono yabantu ababonisa.
Umbuzo: Kuphi na kusenza ukuzilungisa isikhumba sokufaka amandla?
Impendulo: Bona isikhumba sokufaka amandla ngomnye wezinyanga ukubona amathimba angaphansi, umshini wokufaka amandla awusizi, kanye nokublockiswa kwemikhumbi yokuhlanza. Qinisa ukuthi inombolo yomkhumbi iyalingana nomkhumbi wokubhekisa ngomnye wezinyanga, futhi sebenzisa ukubhala kwezinkambu zokuhlaza kwezindawo ezikhulu ngomnye wezinyanga. Nqoba ukuthi i-firmware ibe yisikhathi sokubonakalisa ukuthi ikhona ukusebenza ngokulinganayo ngezihlakiso. Ukubona ngokuphelele kusiza ukuthi sibone ukuthi kusha kakhulu kanye nokusha kwezihlakiso kabefore kuthi kubangela ukungasebenzi kanye nokuthi kubangela izinkinga, kusiza ukuvikela isikhumba kanye nabantu abayisebenzisa.
Umbuzo: Ngabe isikhumba sokufaka amandla singashiyela amandla asezingeni elizayo?
Impendulo: Ngamaphuzu, kodwa kuphela emva kokufunda ukuguqula umkhawulo. Indawo yokucharga yase-AC engu-7 kW iyathanda ukuthi ibe yindlela yasekhaya, ngakho-ke indawo yokucharga yase-DC engu-120 kW ayithandi ukuthi ibe yindlela yasekhaya futhi inkinga yokuthi iphinde isebenza ngokwesibonelo esihle. Amakhawulo okugcina angafanele ahlukumeze kanye nokuqinisa. Khuluma nabasebenzi abaneminyaka yokuqonda ukugcina kuqala; i-Hongxin Intelligent Technology iyadalela iziphumo zokugcina zonke ezithinta ukucharga, ukubhalisa nokuhlinzeka, ngakho-ke indawo yokucharga iyahlungiswa kusistimu esiqondile, akasibonelela.