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Amazwi Asekhaya Kusukela Ekufakweni Kwesikhombisa Sembili
Ukufaka kabusha kwezikhombisa esikhundleni sezinkampani zokuhlanganisa izinkampani zokusebenza kubonisa kahle lokho okudingekayo ukufaka i-smart meter emaphakathini amaningi. Amathemba kudinga ukufunda umkhawulo ngalokho kwezinkampani ngaphandle kokuthumela abasebenzi bokusebenza emaphakathini ngokuphinda-phinda. Isikhombisa sokubhinda sengaphansi kufanele sibhinde kwezinkampani zokuphakama kwamandla ezengezansi futhi sibhalela ngolwazi lwesistimu yebhilding. I-Hongxin Intelligent Technology yasiphiwa izikhombisa zokubhinda futhi isistimu yokujabulisa ulwazi lokhu kwezinkinga zokugcina amandla.
Icandelo lebase station lisemthakathi ngoba izinkampani azizweli kude kusukela. Imithombo yezimithombo ephindaphindayo yezimithombo ziyabona ukuthi izinkampani ziyathola amandla okuphepha ngesikhathi sesinye futhi ziyadlala, ngakho ke umsebenzisi wabeka isibonelo sokubeka amandla. Lokhu nguvalo lokusebenza kwemithombo yezimithombo kwezindawo zokuthengisa izinto, futhi lizobonisa imithambo Yokubala Umkhakha indlela eyakhiwa kubanhlangothi ezihambelana.
Isibonelo sesibili sasuswa kusukela kwezinye izindawo zokuguqula izindawo zokuthengisa izinto apho izindlela zokuthengisa izinto zazihamba kakhulu ngasesikhathini sokuphepha. Imithombo yezimithombo yekhanda yokuqala yavumela abasebenzi bakubona ukuthi ukuthatha amandla kuyaphila kanye nokuthi kungaba yisibonelo sokuthi kungabikho ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe. Umsebenzi wokugcina amandla okwesibili wokuthengisa izinto waphila ngokuthi imithombo yezimithombo iyabhalisa amandla okuphepha futhi iyabonisa ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe. U-Hongxin wabangela ubunzima bokuthenga amandla ngokuphepha ngokuthenga amandla futhi ngokubhalisa amandla.
Izindawo zokusebenza nezindawo zokuthengisa zibonisa isimo sesithathu. Iskrini yokuqondisa esikhethekileyo isebenza kuzo zonke izimitha zezimali zokusebenzisa amandla ezinkulungwane zokufakwa kwezindawo zokusebenza futhi ibonisa ukuthenga ngendawo. Isikhundla sokubhalwa kwesikhundla sokubhalwa ngasinye kusub-board sivumela ukuthi ubonakalo libe luncane. Isistimu sokuhambisa amandla kaHongxin sisebenzisa ukugcina kwezinye zezindlela zokuguqula, okuyisibonelo sokubhala izimitha zezimali zokusebenzisa amandla zonke kumbiko oyodwa.
Iziprojekthi zokugcina amandla kwezirayili nezistesheni zamaEMU zidibanisa indlela yokuvikela emvula. Isimitha esikhethekileyo kwezindlela zokunika amandla kwezirayili ziyabonisa ukuthi umkhahleli uyasebenza futhi uyaphakathi kwezinhlobo zayo. Isilayidi sokukhombisa siyakhala isithakazelo uma isimitha esikhethekileyo sibonisa ukuthi ivoltijhi yisilinganiso esiphakathi kwezindlela zokuvikela. Lezi ziprojekthi zibonisa ukuthi ukubhala izimitha akuyiyo kuphela ukubhala amalungu kodwa ukuthi kuyinto yokuphepha nokuvikela. Zihlala zinomlando wokuthi isimitha esikhethekileyo kufanele kufakwe futhi kubhalwe ngokujabulisana njengokufakwa kwezikhundla zokugcina amandla okuyobona.
Amaqondo apho ukufakwa akwazi: Amathuba okuchitha
Ukuthwasa kwelektriki nokuthwasa kwe-arc-flash
Ukuphazimula kwemoto kuyisikhundla esiphakeme kakhulu kwezinhloso zokuthinteka. Isibonelo sesikhundla semitha yesiNtshisele sisebenza ngokwesibonelo sokukhona komthetho wokusebenza noma umkhawulo uyabonakala ukungasebenzi. Ukuphazimula kwemoto kwenziwa ngokugxila okungafanele noma ngokubhala kwezinkampani zokugxila. Umuntu ongathatha isikhundla semitha yesiNtshisele kufanele aqonde wonke umbhalo njengomthetho wokusebenza ngaphambi kokuthi kubonakale ngokwesibonelo sokukhona komthetho wokusebenza.
Amaphutha we-CT Ratio ne-Polarity
Amaphutha ekubhaleni nekubhalwa kuzokwenzeka kusendaweni yokubhalwa. Isikhundla semitha esine-CT ratio engafanele sibhalisa isilinganiso sezindawo zokusebenza. Ukuguqula kwe-CT polarity kuguqula isigni futhi isikhundla semitha yesiNtshisele sibhalisa ukusebenza njengokubhalwa kwezindawo zokusebenza. Amaphutha amabili ayagcina ukubonakala ngokwesibonelo sokukhona komthetho wokusebenza futhi ayabonakala kuphela kudatha emuva.
Ukuphulwa kwezinkampani ne-ukungabekwa kahle
Ukuphulwa kwe-RS485 ne-SIM yase-4G engaqondiwe kubiza ukuphulwa kwezinkampani ngokushesha. Isikhundla semitha yesiNtshisele esingakwazi ukufika kwiseva siyisikhundla esingasiboni. Ukuphulwa kwezindawo zokubhalwa kuhlaba indawo yokubhalwa yemoto futhi kufihla izinhloso ezizokuthinteka kwezinhloso zokuthinteka zokubhalwa. Ukuphulwa kwezindawo zokubhalwa kwe-AMI kuyisikhundla esingasiboni esikho kubiza ukuthinteka okunconywa ngokwesibonelo sokukhona komthetho wokusebenza.
Amaphutha okukhanyisa kwezinto ezikhona kuvumela izinkinga. Ismart meter esikhethekile phezulu kwesithungu sokuchaza kufuna ukuguqula futhi kubaleka kahle. I-wire engakwazi ukugcina ivolti iyadlala futhi iyasula. Lezi zinkinga zokubaleka kancane zingabonakala kahle kunalokho okuphazimulela kodwa zingafana nazo ngokuthi ziyathatha imali ngonyaka wokusebenza.
Ukufaka ismart meter futhi ukuxhuma kusisitemu sesimanzi
Isinyathelo 1: Yenza ukuthi asinamandla, yenza ukuthi akhululwe, futhi uvumise
Vula i-upstream breaker futhi yenza ukuthi akhululwe ngokwakho. Zama amathuba okufika ngokusebenzisa i-voltage detector eyavunyelwe kabefore ukuthi uqonde ismart meter enclosure. Ukufaka ismart meter kuyiqala kuphela emva kokuvumisa ukuthi akhululwe kahle. Beka ipermithi futhi yenzela umuntu omnye ongakwazi ukwenza lokhu, ngakho ukufaka ismart meter kuyakhala kuhle. Gcina ikhiya yokukhululwa ngeyomuntu lowo mpilakalo ngokuphela emva kokuthi ismart meter ibe yonke ibe yinkambo. Qinisa ukuthi isiphumo esifanayo sisikhubekile, emva koko qhula iphaneli kabefore ukuthi ismart meter ifake.
Isinyathelo 2: Faka ismart meter futhi ushumelela i-CTs
Yenza isimithi semetri yomhleli ngokuphelele kwe-DIN rail esihlukile noma kwindawo yepaneli engaphansi kokuchitha kwamathuba okuchitha. Yenza izi-CT zokubhala ngokuphelele kwe-conductor esizobhalisa, kodwa akakwenzeki ngokuphelele kwe-neutral. Isi-CT sesiphambili (split-core CT) sisebenza kahle ekufakweni kwemetri yomhleli ngaphandle kokuthi isibhakabhaka sikhululekile. Bhalisa ngokuphelele isikhombisa sezindlela zesi-CT kuzo zonke iziphakade nezindawo zokugcina ukuze imetri yomhleli ibhalise indlela eyodwa. Yenza isikhombisa sokugcina esikhulu kwisikhombisa sokugcina futhi yenza imetri yomhleli iyogcina ngokuphelele ukuze ihlale ngokuphelele.
Isinyathelo 3: Yenza izikhombisa zokuxhumana kwe-RS485 noma kwe-4G
Yenza izimithi zemetrini yomhleli zixhuma kahle kwe-RS485 bus esihlanganisiwe ngokuphelele ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-twisted-pair, ngokuphelele kwe-9600 kuya kwe-19200 baud, futhi yenza isikhombisa sokugcina esikhulu ngokuphelele kwe-120-ohm endaweni yokugcina. Kumaqondweni amahhala, imetri yomhleli ene-module yama-4G ingadinga ukuthi isikhombisa sokuxhumana siyogcina ngokuphelele futhi isikhombisa sokugcina siyogcina ngokuphelele. Yenza isikhombisa sokuxhumana sikhululekile kumaqondweni okuchitha ukuze asikhiwe kumetri yomhleli. Yenza isikhombisa sokugcina esikhulu ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izimithi zemetrini ukuze iserver ibhalise izincazelo ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe kahle.
Isinyathelo 4: Yenza ukuxhumana kwe-main breaker futhi uyagcina
Landela umkhakha wokubala okumhle kuzinyathelo zokuvimbela kusuka kumkhakha wokuvimbela wokuphakathi ngamaphutha amanquma. Yenza ukuthi kubheke kwezinkundla ezithi kumkhakha wokubala okumhle, emva koko yenza ukuthi kubheke kwezinkundla. Yenza ukuthi kubheke kwezinkundla futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umkhakha wokubala okumhle ubonisa uvimbe lwesikhathi ngalokho esikhathini. Ukubona okuhle kokuqala kusho ukuthi ukulandela kwezinhlobo nezincwadi zokubala ziyisikhiwo, futhi umkhakha wokubala okumhle uyasekelwe ukusebenza. Yenza isifundo sokusebenza kwezinhlobo futhi ubheka ukuthi umkhakha wokubala okumhle ubonakala ukuthi kubhekana nokuvimbela kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi ushikelele.
Amakhodi, Ukukhetha, Nokugcina Umkhakha Wokubala Okumhle
Umakhakha wokubala okumhle owelwa e-United States ubona ku-ANSI C12.1 no-C12.20 kusukela kwezinkundla zokubala, ngakho-ke IEC 62052 ne-IEC 62053 zihlale zibhekana nendlela yokwenza nokubala kwezinhlobo kwezizwe zokuthengisa. Ukuxhumana kubhekana ku-IEC 62056 DLMS/COSEM kusukela kwezinhlobo zokudatha. U-Hongxin uyakwenza ngalezi zizindikiso zokubala njengesiqondiso sakhe sokukhula ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001. Buka le mayelana Nathi ephejini yokubiza izinhlobo zomphakathi.
I-Code Yokuphatha Kwemithambo Yekhilikhilini, NFPA 70 Article 230 ne-Article 240, ishaya indawo okwenzeka kuyo ukubambisana kwe-meter yokusebenza nezindlela zokukhala ukuthi iphrotheksheni yezimithambo ziyakhiwa kanjani. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.333 ishunya ukubamba umthwalo nokusebenza ngokuphelele kwekhilikhilini, futhi 1910.269 isebenzisa emisebenzini eyinkulu yezimithambo. I-meter esihle esibhekene nalesi zirhulumente isiphuziswe ngokuphelele futhi isihlalela abasebenzi abayisebenzisa yena.
Khetha i-meter esihle ngokwesifundo sezimali neendlela zokuhlanganisa. Indawo yesi-1-phase iyafanele ku- i-meter esihle yesi-1-phase ne-RS485 noma ukubhabha kwe-4G, ngakho-ke indawo yokuthenga ngaphandle inokusebenzisa i-unit ye-4G. Yenza ukuthi irating yokugcina iyafanana neindawo, ngoba i-meter esihle ekhaya lomthwalo ophakathi kwemithambo ingahlinzeki kakhulu kulokho okhaya lomthwalo oluncane. Hlola amaterminali ngisho ngonyaka, hlonipha ukuthi amaclamp ase-CT ayabamba kahle, futhi qinisekisa isikhathi se-meter esihle ne-firmware. Shintsha i-meter esihle uma isikhathi sakho sibuye kude kweklas yakho yokuqinisekisa ukuthi isebenza kahle ngaphambi kokuthinta kwakho okulandelayo.
Ukufaka isikhombisa semaphu esihle sifuna uhlu lwamazwi omcimbi. Qiniseka umugqa wokuphakama, indlela yokubhala kwe-CT, nokuvamisa kwesikhombisa sokubhala ngokufanayo nesikhombisa. Thabatha inombolo yomkhombisa wesikhombisa semaphu nezinhlobo zezinkampani kumthwalo wemithwalo. Ukuthandaza kakhulu kwenza ukuthi isikhombisa semaphu sibe useful ngokude emva kokuthi abasebenzi bakuphakama bafika emuva kwekhaya. Bheka izindaba zokuguqula kwe-sikhombisa semaphu kusukela kusihlanu sabantu ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona ukubhala okungavamile ekuphakameni kwezinto.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo: Kungubani oya kufaka isikhombisa semaphu esikhundleni esisemthwalo?
Impendulo: Umthwalo wokufaka kufanele kwenziwa ngu-mthwalo wokufaka okwenzeka ngokuphelele noma umthwalo wokufaka we-EPC, ngoba lokhu kuyathinta umthwalo wokuphakama futhi kuyagcinwa ngemithwalo yokugcina njenge-OSHA 29 CFR 1910.333. Isikhombisa semaphu esifakwa kusikhundleni esisemthwalo kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ukuthi akhona umthwalo wokuphakama, ukusebenzisa izithunzi zokuphelele zokuphakama, nokuthola isiphumo. Abathwalo besebenzi bayofuna ukubheka kodwa akasibonisi ukuthi bafake amathwalo ngokwabo uma abangakwazi ukuthi bafake amathwalo ngokuphelele kumthwalo wokuphakama okwenzeka kulesikhundla.
Umbuzo: Yini okufanele ukwenza ukuthi isikhombisa semaphu siyakwazi ukuthi sibhale isikhombisa semaphu?
Impendulo: Faka umlinganiselo we-CT ngokwekuthi kubhekise kwezimali zokusebenza ngokuphelele ngezinye izikhathi eziningi. Umkhala wokubhalisa okunamuhla okwenzeka ngokukhulu kwe-100 A kufanele usebenzise ama-CT apho ukubhalisa kuyaphakama kumlando wokubhalisa okuphelele. Uma ama-CT ayinkulu kakhulu, kuyathola ubuncinane bokubhalisa kwezimali ezingaphansi, futhi uma angaphezulu kakhulu kuyathola ukugcina. Qiniseka ukuthi isimo sokubhalisa ne-ordi yeziphakade zokubhalisa ngokuphatha kwezikhathi zokubhalisa ukuze umkhala wokubhalisa wabhalise kuzo zonke izikhathi.
Umbuzo: Kungani i-RS485 noma i-4G engcono kakhulu kusukela kwe-mkhala wokubhalisa?
Impendulo: I-RS485 iyasebenza kwezindawo ezenziwe ngokubhalisa kanye ne-gateway yendawo, ibeka isibonelo esihlukile, esingaphansi kakhulu sokubhalisa kwezinkulungwane zemeter emuva kwe-bus eyodwa. I-4G smart meter iyasebenza kwezindawo eziphakeme noma eziphakeme kakhulu lapho ukubhalisa kuyazimisa imali. Isikhetho esihlukile siyaphenduka ngokwezindlela zokubhalisa ne-platform yamandla. Noma yini, setha isihloko esihlukile ukuze umbuzo wokubhalisa wabhalise ngaphandle kokubambana kanye nomsebenzi wokubhalisa wabhalise konke amakhaya.
Umbuzo: Ungakuthola njani ukuthi umkhala wokubhalisa ubhalisiwe ngokuphelele?
Impendulo: Emva kusukela, lungelela umlinganiselo wokuphakama kwe-voltage ngalunye uhlobo lwesikhathi esibonwa kusuka kwi-display yemitha yesmart, futhi linganise nesiphumo. Qinisa indlela yokuqondisa i-CT ngokufaka isikhundla esihlukene futhi ukubona ukuthi inkulumo iyakhupha, akayikhiphe. Uma i-CT ibe yisikhundla esihlukene, itha yemitha yesmart isiphuma emva kokudibanisa. Sebenzisa isikhundla esihlukene sokufaka isikhundla futhi qinisa ukuthi idatha yezikhathi zifika kusuka kusendlini phambi kokugcina isikhundla futhi ukubeka kabusha iphaneli.
Umbuzo: Iziphi izistandadi eziyasebenza kusukela kwe-deployment yemitha yesmart?
Impendulo: KwameRika, i-ANSI C12.1 ne-C12.20 zidefina ukuphepha nokuzivulula kwe-mitha yesmart, ngakho-ke i-NFPA 70 i-Maqhanda 230 ne-240 ziyabuchaza ukubeka kwe-service ne-overcurrent. Amathuba okuhambisa amasimu ayasebenza kwe-IEC 62052, 62053, ne-IEC 62056 DLMS/COSEM ukubhala izindaba. I-ISO 9001 iyabuyisa isistimu yokuhlela kwe-manufacturer. Ukulandela lezi zizindaba kuyaphatha ukuthi imitha yesmart ibe yisikhundla sokuzivulula futhi ibe yisikhundla sokuvumwa ngabafundi bokuzivulula.
Umbuzo: Kungani imitha yesmart kufanele kuzivululwa?
Impendulo: Yenza ukuzibonakalisa kwezinyathelo nezincwadi zokugcina ngamashumi amabili amabili, futhi uvumise isikhathi sesimitha esihle, isifundo sezinkampani, nokuxhumana ngalokho konke okufika. Ukuguqula kwesilinganiso emva kwalokho okubhalwe kuhle kuyadinga ukuvuselela kabusha kabefore isikhathi esizodlala, okunjalo kusukela kwezindleko zokusebenza zokuphatha. Yenza incwadi yezinyathelo zonke ezinkampani ukuze izinga lezincwadi zokusebenza libe lisilungile futhi liyakwazi ukubonakala ngokulandelana nesifundo sokubona nokuguqula emva kwezinyathelo ezizodlala.