Ukuthi I-Vacuum Circuit Breaker Iyakwenza Yini Ukukhupha Kwisekhathi Esinye Kwe-Arc?

Izindlela Zokuhlanganisa Ukukhupha Kwisekhathi Esinye Kwe-Arc Kwezinhlelo Zokusebenzisa Amandla Emidlathelwane Eziyisikhathi Esinye

Lapho ukungakhathalisi kwe-amandla kufika kumshinisi wokugcina umoya, isikhathi sokukhupha kwisekhathi esinye kwe-arc ngokusebenzisa isikhathi sokugcina umoya sibonisa ukuthi izinto zokusebenzisa amandla zizosindiswa noma zizobulawa ngokuphelele. Kwezinhlelo zokusebenzisa amandla emidlathelwane eziyisikhathi esinye, okuqondisa amandla kwe-3.6 kV ku-40.5 kV, isibreaker sesiphambaniswa yabecwe ngokuvamile ngokuthi yilokho okuyisibonelo sokukhupha kwisekhathi esinye kwe-arc ngokusha kwe-microseconds lapho amaphoynti ayisepara.

Umsebenzi wokuvula umkhulekile wokuvula kwisikhumba sokuvula esihlukene kakhulu kubazikhuba bezilungile ngamafutha noma bazikhuba besifutha se-SF6. Uma izikhundla zihlukana ngokusebenza, ukulwa kufakela isifutha sezinkhundla, okwakhiwe ngokuphatha kwesifutha sokuzikhuba. Kusikhumba sokuvula, umgama wokuhambisa wabasekhundla awusakhiwe ngemithameteri kodwa ngeminithe, futhi uma ukulwa kudlula iphasi yayo yokuzimela, isifutha sasiphuma kumkhulekile ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngemizuzu engu-10 ku-15 emuva kokuzimela kwokulwa, ubukhulu bekugcina kwesikhumba sokuvula kubuyisa ngokushesha kakhulu kunokuba kukhulula ukuzimela kwesikhumba sokuvula, okunqamuka ukuzibuyisela.

Izinkhundla Zokuzikhuba Nokuthi Yiziphi Ngokuzikhuba

Kungani I-Copper-Chromium Alloys Ziyagcina Ukuzikhuba Kwesikhumba Sokuvula

Ukukhetha kwezinto ezisetyenziswa ekugcina kuzokwenzela ukuthi ukugcina kwenzeke ngokuphelele. Izikhundla zokugcina zasevacuum zezinye izikhundla zasemoderni zisetyenzisa i-alloy yamacu copper-chromium (CuCr), okanye ngokuvamile ukuba kune-chromium nge-25% ukuze kube nge-40%. Le kombinethi yezinto zenzela izinhlanu ezintathu: i-chromium inika ukuthi kufanele kubekwe amagasi akhethekile, okuyoba nokuthabatha amagasi asekhaya okungakwazi ukuthi abe yinkambo yokugcina kokuphelele kwezinsuku zemi-20 ukuze kube nge-30; i-copper inika ukuthi kufanele kubekwe ukuthi kusetyenziselwa ngokuphelele kwemithombo yamandla ne-thermal conductivity ukulawula ukuthi kusetyenziselwa ngokuphelele kwezinsuku zemi-630 A ukuze kube nge-3150 A; futhi isimo sesikhundla sokusalwa kwe-alloy sinezindaba ezincinci nezihlukene okunokuthi kubekwe ukuthi kungabi nesikhundla sokugcina esiphambili.

Izinto ezingafani nazo njengama-copper-bismuth ne-copper-tungsten zikhiqiza kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, kodwa i-CuCr ibe yisikhundla sokusebenza ngokuvamile ngoba inika ukuthi kufanele kubekwe ukuthi kubekwe ukuthi kungabi nesikhundla sokugcina sokugcina okuphelele ne-arc erosion resistance ne-current chopping behavior — okuyindlela eyalungiselela ukuthi kungabi nesikhundla sokugcina sokugcina okuphelele kwezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuthi kungabi nesikhundla sokugcina sokugcina okuphelele kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthi kungabi nesikhundla sokugcina sokugcina okuphelele.

Ukuthi Kungani Ukusetyenziswa Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ekulawuleni Kwezindaba Zokugcina

Ngaphandle kokukhethwa kwezinto, i-geometry yokuxhumana inquma indlela i-arc eziphatha ngayo. Ukuxhumana kwe-spiral-petal kanye nokuxhumana kwe-axial magnetic field (AMF) kumelela izindlela ezimbili ezivamile. Ama-AMF contact akha umkhakha wamagnetic ohambelana nekholomu ye-arc, okuphoqa i-arc ukuba ihlakazeke endaweni ebanzi kunokuhlala endaweni eyodwa. Lokhu kusakazeka kunciphisa izinga lokushisa lendawo yokuxhumana kusuka cishe ku-20 000 K emthonjeni we-arc kuya ekusakazweni okungalawulwa kangcono, kunciphisa kakhulu amazinga okuqhekeka kokuxhumana.

Isibonelo Esiwusizo Esivela Epulazini Lezimboni LaseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia

Isikhungo sokukhiqiza izindwangu eVietnam esisebenza ngezindwangu ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezishayelwa imoto sabhekana nezinkinga eziphindaphindiwe lapho izikhawu zaso eziphelelwa amandla zikhula. Izimo ezivamile zokuvinjelwa okufushane ezivamile ezindaweni ezinamandla amakhulu emoto zonakalise uwoyela wokuhlukanisa, okudinga ukuvalwa kokugcinwa kwekota. Ukuvalwa ngakunye kwakudinga amahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-12 wokukhiqiza okulahlekile.

Ithimba lobunjiniyela lalesi sikhungo, lisebenza neXiamen Hongxin Intelligent Technology, lathatha indawo yama-oil breakers nge-KYN28-12 yangaphakathi enensimbi enqunywe ngensimbi isibreaker sesiphambaniswa amaqoqo anamagama angu-1250 A anamandla okuqhekeka kwesifunda esifushane angu-31.5 kA. Izingxenyekazi zokuvala i-vacuum zaqeda konke ukugcinwa okuhlobene namafutha. Phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-18 zokusebenza, iziphazamisi ze-vacuum zaphatha izenzakalo ezingu-14 zokuphazamiseka ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa noma ukuvinjelwa okukodwa. Isikhathi sokuqothulwa kwe-arc, esilinganiswa nge-oscillography, sasihlala singaphansi kwama-millisecond angu-15 kusukela ekuhlanganyeleni kokuthintana kuya ekugcineni kokugeleza okuphelele.

Izindlela zokukhetha ukusebenza okunokwethenjelwa kokuphazamiseka kwe-arc

Ukufanisa amandla okuqhamuka okufushane okufushane nezidingo zesistimu

A isibreaker sesiphambaniswa kufanele ibe ne-Isk (ukugqibela kweminye yezinto ezikhona) okuphakeme kunezinkambo zokugqibela kweminye zezinto ezikhona kwezindawo zokufaka. IEC 62271-100 ibahambisana amaphutha ku-E1 (ukubalwa kweminye yezinto ezikhona), E2 (ukubalwa okwengeziwe kweminye yezinto ezikhona), C1 (ukubalwa okuphezulu kokubuyiselwa), kanye ne-C2 (ukubalwa okuphezulu kakhulu kokubuyiselwa). Kumaqondiso owenziwe ngamaprojekthi amahle, ukuzisa izinto zokugqibela ezingama-E2 kanye ne-C2 zinika isihlalo sokubalwa esiphambili — lezi zinhlobo ziqinisekisa ukuthi umshini wokugqibela ungathola ukugqibela kweminye yezinto ezikhona okuphakeme ngenxa yokubuyiselwa.

Ukujabula Kwesikhathi Sokugqibela Kweminye Yezinto Ezikhona Ngokwenza Isiphetho

Amasimbi okukhupha ayisemthwakaleni kakhulu, kodwa ubukhuphi bokukhupha kungadlika ngokugcwele kwezinye izikhathi noma ngokubheka kwezinye izikhathi. Izindlela zokuhlola ezintsha zihlanganisa indlela yokusebenzisa isikhuphi sokumaginetron nokuhlola kokuzimela kwesikhathi sokunqamuka kwe-AC esiphezulu phakathi kwezinye izihlango. Isimbi esihle esikhethekileyo ekhuphweni esikhethekileyo sithola ukuzimela kwesikhathi sokunqamuka ngokunqamuka okukhethekileyo ngokunqamuka okukhethekileyo — ukuthi kunezinhlobo zokunqamuka eziphathelene nezinhlobo zokunqamuka zokufa kuyabonisa ukuthi kukhona amagasi emfushane futhi ukuthi ubukhuphi bukhuphile, okubangela ukuthi kufanele kubuyiselwe kabefore ukuthi kufa.

Ukubonisisa kwezinye izikhathi zokubonisa isimbi sokukhupha ngokubonisa ngokwesibonelo kusobala kanye nokuhlola kwesikhathi sokunqamuka. Amasimbi okuhlanza kwezinye izikhathi, uma abekhona, abonisa ubukhuphi bekho kwezinye izikhathi zokuhlanza.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini okwenza ukukhupha kubalulekile kune-SF6 ukuvula umsindo?

Amathuba okuvulula kwe-vacuum akwazi ukubuyisela ukuphatha kwakho kwe-dielectric ngokusha kune-SF6 ngokugcwele ishumi esinye ngeminyaka emibili ngemuva kokuzero kwesikhathi, ngoba indawo yokuqhubeka kwakho kwe-vacuum ayikho amamolekyuli okugase okufanelekile ukususa izinhlobo zokuphatha. Lokhu kuthiwa ukuthi umthubi wokuqhubeka kwakho kwe-vacuum uyasebenza kahle kuma-transient recovery voltages okuphakeme kakhulu, futhi ukuhlanzwa kwama-gas okwenza ukuthi ubungakanani kwezulu kuzokwenzeka, ngoba i-SF6 ina-global warming potential ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili nezintathu amashumi ayisithupa kune-CO₂.

Ukuphatha kwe-vacuum circuit breaker kuyadlula nini?

Ukuphatha kwe-vacuum okuhle kwenziwe kuyasebenza ngokuphambili ama-20 ku-30 iminyaka ngaphandle kokunquma okukhulu. Ukuphatha kwe-mechanical kwezindlela zokusebenza kuyaphinda ngaphezu kwe-10,000 amaqhina nokuvula ngokwesikhathi esifanayo nge-IEC 62271-100. Ukuphatha kwe-electrical ngokwesikhathi sokuphatha kwe-short-circuit esihle kuyaphinda kuma-30 ku-100 amaqhina okuphatha kwe-fault ngokwesikhathi esifanayo nge-design ne-rating. Amasimbi ase-vacuum interrupter ase-Hongxin Intelligent Technology ayasebenza ngokwale ndlela yokuphatha kwe-IEC.

I-vacuum circuit breakers liyakwazi ukusebenzisa ukuvulula kwe-capacitive?

Yebo, uma kuspecifikwa ngokuphelele. Ukuswitcha kwesikhundla — okubalulekile kwezindlela zokufaka amaphepha nezinkampani zokufaka amakabili — kudinga ukuthi iswitch yispecifikwe ngokuthi ayikwazi ukubuyela emuva (Iklasi C2 ngokwesiqephu se-IEC 62271-100). Ukubuyela kwesikhundla sokuvula kwesivacuum kusenza ukuthi sikhundla sokuvula siyasebenza ngokuphelele, kodwa imithombo yamaphambi nezindlela zokwakha kufanele zibe yinkimbinkimbi ukuze sibophelele ukuthi kuzame ukufika kwesikhundla sokuvula.

Isikhundla sokuvula sesikhundla sokuvula sokuvula kuyini?

Ukuvula kwenziwa ngokuphelele ngama-8 ku-15 milliseconds emuva kokuphulwa kwamaphambi, kusukela esikhundleni sokufa kwesikhundla nokuphulwa kwesikhundla. Isikhundla sokuvula sifana ngokuphulwa kwesikhundla, apho isikhundla sokuvula sibuyela ngokuphelele ngokushesha kakhulu.

Izinto zokulawula zokuvula ziyini?

Izingxenye eziphazamisayo ze-vacuum zidinga ukugcinwa okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezenziwe ngamafutha noma i-SF6. Ukuhlolwa okubonwayo konyaka kwe-envelope ye-ceramic, ukuhlolwa kokugqwala okuxhumene nokusebenzisa izinkomba zokugqoka ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, nokuhlolwa kobuqotho be-dielectric ku-80% yamandla wamandla we-frequency ukumelana ne-voltage kuhlanganisa inqubo yokuhlola ejwayelekile. Akudingeki ugcwalise igesi noma ushintshe uwoyela.

Ingabe ukuphakama kunomthelela ekusebenzeni kwesiphazamisi sesifunda se-vacuum?

Ayikho inzuzo eyinhloko. Ngokungafani nama-breaker agqagqene nomoya noma ama-SF6 amandla awo e-dielectric ehla ngenxa yokuqina komoya ophansi, ama-vacuum interrupters agcina ukusebenza okufanayo kunoma iyiphi indawo ephakeme ngoba izakhiwo ze-dielectric ze-vacuum azixhomekile ekucindezelweni komkhathi kwang Lokhu kwenza ubuchwepheshe bokungena emkhathini bube obungcono ekufakweni ezindaweni ezisezintabeni.