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Fisiks Na Kari Kafin Kusurin Kafa A Kofin Gaba Na Tsakiyar Wasa Na Yau
Idan kusurin kafa ta tace a cikin shugaban kofin gaba, lokacin da kofin gaba ya kare kusurin kafa yana nuna idan abubuwan da suka kashe a dora da suka kusanta ko suka kusanta kusurin kafa. A kofin gaba na tsakiyar wasa daga 3.6 kV zuwa 40.5 kV, matsayin kudin kasa na fari ya zama wani abu da ke damuwa da yawa saboda wani abu da ke damuwa: ya iya kare kusurin kafa a lokacin da ke cikin mikrosekondi na kofin gaba.
Mekanisim na kwalla ta fuskaka a cikin interrupter na vacuum yana amfani da bayanai masu farko wanda suka fara daga maki na oil ko SF6 gas. Idan wasu abubu da suka fara kuma suka yi gaba, kuma suka yi jijjiya na metal vapor daga sarufin wasu abubu, yana zama plasma column na kari. A cikin shirin na vacuum, kuma, mean free path na charged particles ana lissafi ta meters ba ta nanometers — idan kari ta taba ta zero crossing na natural, plasma ta tsofo kari na medium na kari ta hanyar da ke ƙasa. A cikin 10 zuwa 15 microseconds bayan kari zero, dielectric strength na vacuum gap ya fito ta hanyar da ke ƙasa da transient recovery voltage, yana neman kari da sauran kari.
Abubu da Wasu Abubu da Karamin Su a Cikin Interruption
Wane ne Copper-Chromium Alloys suna tsara a cikin design na vacuum interrupter
Zaɓin kayan tuntuɓar kai tsaye yana sarrafa aikin katsewa. Yawancin lambobin sadarwa na zamani na lalata lalata suna amfani da ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe (CuCr), yawanci tare da 25% zuwa 40% abun ciki na chromium. Wannan haɗin kayan yana amfani da dalilai uku: chromium yana ba da babban aiki, yana shan ƙwayoyin gas da suka rage waɗanda zasu iya lalata ingancin iska a tsawon shekaru 20 zuwa 30; jan ƙarfe yana ba da kyakkyawan wutar lantarki da haɓakar zafi don sarrafa ci gaba da ci gaba daga 630 A zuwa 3150 A; kuma tsarin hatsi na gami yana samar
Akwai wasu kayan maye kamar jan ƙarfe-bismuth da jan ƙarfe-tungsten don aikace-aikace na musamman, amma CuCr ya kasance mizani saboda yana ba da mafi kyawun musayar tsakanin juriya na lalata baka da halin yankan halin yanzu mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ƙananan halayen ƙarfin lantarki ke da mahimmanci.
Matsayin Jigogi na Haɗuwa a cikin Kula da Arc
Bayan zaɓin kayan, yanayin haɗuwa yana tsara yadda arc ke aiki. Spiral-petal lambobin sadarwa da axial Magnetic filin (AMF) lambobin sadarwa wakilci biyu na kowa hanyoyin. Lambobin AMF suna haifar da filin magnetic daidai da ginshiƙin baka, yana tilasta baka ta yadawa a fadin yanki mafi girma maimakon mayar da hankali a wani wuri. Wannan yaduwar yana rage yanayin zafin jiki na gida daga yiwuwar 20,000 K a tushen baka zuwa rarrabawar da za a iya sarrafawa, yana rage yawan lalatawar tuntuɓar.
Wani Misali Daga Ƙasar Masana'antu a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya
Wani masana'antar masana'anta a ƙasar Vietnam da ke aiki da masana'anta fiye da 200 da ke aiki da mota sun fuskanci matsaloli da yawa a kan tsofaffin masu kashe man fetur. Abubuwan da ke faruwa akai-akai na yau da kullun a cikin yanayin da ke da ƙarfin ƙarfin motar sun lalata man mai rufi, yana buƙatar dakatar da kulawa kowane kwata. Kowane katsewa yana kashe kimanin awanni 8 zuwa 12 na asarar samarwa.
Kwallon na inginiyarin gida, ta amfani da Xiamen Hongxin Intelligent Technology, ta sa wani kwallon mai tsoro na yaki da KYN28-12 mai tsoro na gida mai tsoro da kwallon mai tsoro da 1250 A da kwallon mai tsoro na yaki da 31.5 kA. matsayin kudin kasa na fari wadannan kwallon mai tsoro na vakuum sun cire dukin tsoro na yaki da ayyukan sauyin. A cikin lokacin 18 mizani na aiki, wadannan kwallon mai tsoro na vakuum sun yi amfani da 14 ayyukan tsoro ba tare da kamar yadda ake shirya ba kuma ba tare da kamar yadda ake shirya ba. Lokacin cire na tsoro, an duba shi ta hanyar oscillography, ya zama babu 15 milliseconds daga farko na farin kwallon zuwa farko na kwallon kuma kwallon kuma.
Matsaloli na Zabi don Tsoro Mai Tsoro da Kwallon
Yi amfani da kwallon mai tsoro na yaki da kwallon na yaki na kwallon
A matsayin kudin kasa na fari ya kamata yana da kwayar ƙaramin kuma kuma ta fuskakke (Isc) wanda ya ƙara daga ƙananan kuma ta fuskakke na gaba ɗin a cikin ƙari ya sa, IEC 62271-100 ya sanya shugabanchi a cikin E1 (karamin kuma ta fuskakke na elektriki na farko), E2 (karamin kuma ta fuskakke na elektriki na ƙarshen), C1 (yawa mai yawa na ƙarshen da ke nuna) da C2 (yawa mai yawa na ƙarshen da ke nuna). Don ƙari wanda suka yi amfani da abubuwa da suka dace da kuma, ya kamata a sanya abubuwan da suka dace da E2 da C2 don ƙarshen da kuma — waɗannan sanyan sun nuna cewa abubuwa da suka dace da kuma zasu iya gudunawa kuma ta fuskakke na karamin kuma ta fuskakke da kuma ba tare da ƙarshen.
Kamunin Karamin Kuma ta Fuskakke don Hanyar Tabbatarwa
Kwaminti na vacuum suna aikata da kariya ta hanyar tashin wani abu, amma alama na vacuum zai iya yin gaskiya ne don samun karamin fassara ko yin gaskiya ne don samun karamin fassara. Alama na yadda ake amfani da shi a yanzu shine amfani da magnetron gauge method da high-voltage AC withstand testing a tsakanin kwaminti na maza. Kwaminti mai kyau a wani voltage mai lafiya zai dace da test voltage ba tare da karamin leakage current — karamin current mai lafiya ya nufi cewa gas ya ci gaba da kwaminti da karamin dielectric strength, wanda ke nufi cewa ya kamata a saita kwaminti a baya da karamin fassara.
Tasirin da suka yi a matsayin kwaminti na vacuum a sani da karamin fassara ko karamin fassara na gaba, wanda ke tabbatar da electrical testing. Indicators na contact erosion, idan suka jiran, suna nuna karamin contact stroke margin na baya.
Masu Sabon Gaskiya
Wane abu ne ya sa vacuum ya fi SF6 a yadda ake kawo karamin fassara?
Kusantar da vacuum yana samun kuma aiki na dielectric approximately 10 times faster than SF6 bayan current zero saboda al'ada na vacuum ba shi da molecules na gas wanda ke bukatar de-ionization. Wannan yana nufin cewa teknologiya na vacuum tana iya gudumawa ta hanyar tsari na high-frequency transient recovery voltages don haka yana canza daga gwamnati na greenhouse gas, saboda SF6 yana da global warming potential 23,500 times that of CO₂.
Yaya yanzu wani kusantar da vacuum yana iya gudumawa?
Wani kusantar da vacuum da aka yi amfani da shi da kyau yana iya gudumawa 20 zuwa 30 years ba tare da amfani mai yawa. Kuma mechanical endurance na operating mechanism yana kawo 10,000 close-open cycles per IEC 62271-100. Electrical endurance a rated short-circuit current yana daga 30 zuwa 100 full fault interruptions dependent on design and rating. Hongxin Intelligent Technology vacuum interrupter assemblies sun follow wannan IEC endurance classifications.
Shin kusantar da vacuum zai iya gudumawa ta hanyar capacitive switching?
Ee, idan ya daka daidai. Kafin kuma yin amfani da capacitor bank da kwayoyin da suka gaba da capacitor charging, yana bukata wani circuit breaker da aka raba don hanyar daidai na restrike (Class C2 a cikin IEC 62271-100). Kafin kuma yin amfani da vacuum interrupter da kariya na dielectric recovery yana nufin da ya zama maki daidai, amma abu ne da ke taka da jiki da design suna bukata don yin gaskiya ga inrush current pre-strike effects.
Wani ne kamar yadda yake aiki da arc extinction time a cikin vacuum interrupter?
Arc extinction yana gudunawa a cikin 8 zuwa 15 milliseconds bayan kuma yin fuskantar da contacts, tare da yadda yike aiki da magnitude na fault current da point-on-wave da ke fara a farko. Arc yana sanya har zuwa wannan natural current zero, inda vacuum gap yana fitowa da kariya na dielectric strength daidai.
Wani ne kamar yadda yake aiki da maintenance da vacuum interrupter bukata?
Kullun kuma yin amari na gaba daya wani abu da ke cikin vacuum interrupters, kamar yadda suka yi a matsayin oil ko SF6. Amari na gaba daya na ceramic envelope, amari na ƙarfi na contact a menga ta hanyar bayanin ƙarfi na gaba daya da ke cikin interrupter, da amari na dielectric integrity a 80% na rated power-frequency withstand voltage suna zama amari na gaba daya. Ba a bukata gas ko oil a sauran lokaci.
Yaya altitude ke iya fuskanta performance na vacuum circuit breaker?
Ba — wani damar muhimmanci. Kamar yadda air-insulated ko SF6 breakers suka fuskanta dielectric strength su a wani altitude mai ƙarfi saboda karamin density na air, vacuum interrupters suna nuna yawa wani performance a kowace altitude saboda vacuum dielectric properties suna daga gaba daya na external atmospheric pressure. Wannan ya sa vacuum technology ta zama ta fito don amfani a wani yanki na mountainous.