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Lapho ukuhluleka kwe-transformer esifundeni sezohwebo eBangkok kubangela ukuba izakhiwo ezingu-12 zisebumnyameni amahora ayisithupha, uphenyo lwembula ukuthi iphaneli yokusabalalisa amandla aphansi esikhungweni esiphazamisekile yayisebenza ngamaphesenti angu-94 omthamo wayo ohlosiwe ehlobo ezintathu z Ukwehluleka kwakubikezela, kungavinjelwa, futhi ngokuphelele kuwumphumela wokuntuleka kokubhekwa ezingeni lokusabalalisa. Ukuthembeka kokuphakelwa kukagesi emadolobheni ekugcineni akuxhomekile emandleni okukhiqiza noma ezakhiweni zokudlulisela ugesi, kodwa kumayelana nekhilomitha lokugcina lenethiwekhi kagesi uhlelo lokusabalalisa ugesi olunevolthi ephansi olunikeza amandla kuzo zonke izakhiwo, zonke iziphakamiso, nazo zonke
Indima Ebalulekile Yokusabalalisa Kwe-LV Emakethe Yasemadolobheni
Isixhumi esibonakalayo phakathi kwe-Grid nomsebenzisi wokugcina
Ukusabalalisa amandla aphansi kubonisa isigaba sokugcina sokuphakelwa kwamandla, ukwehlisa amandla aphansi kusuka emazingeni aphansi we-10 kV noma 20 kV kuya kumandla asetshenziswayo angama-400/230 volts ngokusebenzisa ama-transformer wokusabalalisa. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwenzeka ngaphakathi kweziteshi ezincane, ama-transformer afakwe emaphaketheni, noma iziteshi ezincane ezihlanganiswe ezakhiweni ezihlakazekile kulo lonke uhlaka lwedolobha. Kusukela kuma-terminals we-transformer aphansi, amandla ageleza ngokusebenzisa i-LV switchgear eyinhloko ngokuvamile iqoqo lohlobo olukhishwayo njenge-GCK, GCS, noma i-MNS lapho lisatshalaliswa khona kumasekethe amaningi okuphakelayo akhonza izindawo ezahlukahlukene zokwakha, imithwalo kagesi Uma kungahambi kahle kunoma iyiphi indawo kule ndlela yokusabalalisa, konke okuphansi kuyoxhuma. Akukho ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemigqa eminingi ye-LV ngoba izindleko zokuphindaphinda ingqalasizinda yokusabalalisa yesakhiwo ngasinye azivunyelwe. Lesi sici se-single-point-of-failure senza ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwemishini yokusabalalisa amandla aphansi ibe ngokuqondile nokuthembeka kokuphakelwa kukagesi emadolobheni.
Ukuhlola nokugxila kwe-Grid esihlukile
Amapaneli okudlulisa i-LV avamile ayevikela izifunda futhi engekho enye into - iziphazamisi zazikhalaza lapho kwenzeka amaphutha, futhi opharetha bafunda ngezinkinga lapho abahlali besakhiwo bebiza ukuze bakhononde. Ukusabalalisa okuhlakaniphile kwamandla aphansi kuhlanganisa ukuqapha kuwo wonke amazinga okuhleleka. Izikhiphi zesekethe ezihlakaniphile ezinamamitha afakiwe zibika amandla, i-voltage, amandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla nge-feeder eyodwa endaweni yesikhulumi esiyinhloko sokuphathwa kwamandla. Izinzwa zokushisa ezihlanganisweni ze-busbar nasezikhumulweni ze-breaker zibona izindawo ezishisayo ngaphambi kokuba ziphazamiseke. Le nkundla ihlanganisa le datha kuwo wonke amaphuzu okudlulisa endaweni noma kunethiwekhi yomphakathi, inikeze opharetha ukubonakala kwesikhathi sangempela kumaphethini wokulayisha, amamethrikhi wekhwalithi yamandla, nezinkomba zempilo yemishini. Lolu lwazi lushintsha ukugcinwa kusuka kumahlelo asekelwe ekhalendeni kuya ekungeneleleni okusekelwe esimweni isiphazamisi esisondela emkhawulweni waso wokukhuthazela komshini sishintshwa ngaphambi kokuba sehluleke, ukuxhumeka kwe-busbar okuthambekele ekukhuphukeni okwedlulele kokushisa kuphinde kusetshenz
Ukuqiniseka Ngokusebenza Kwemithambo Nezinkampani Zokusebenza
Ukuqiniseka kwezindlela zokunika amandla emadolobheni kuyiphakade kubhekwa kuzidingo zokudesigna phambi kokuthi izinkampani zizofakwa. Ukukhetha ukuthi iswitchgear ibe yomlando (withdrawable) ngaphandle kokuthi ibe yomkhawulo (fixed) kusiza ukuthi iswitch ibe yodlulwe ngaphandle kokuthi isikhundla sonke sibekwe ngamandla — lokhu kusiza ukuthi ukungafakwanga amandla kusukela kumihour emibili kusukela kumasekondi amathathu okuhambisana. Ukugxilwa kwezifunda ezine (Form 4 internal separation) njengoba kuchazwa ngu-IEC 61439 kusiza ukuthi amandla, izinqubo zokusebenza, nezindlela zokugxila kwemithambo iyagxilwa ngokuphelele kumakhaya amahlanu, okusiza ukuthi ukungafakwanga amandla kusukela ekusenyeseni kusukela kumakhaya amabili. Kumaqondiswano amahle ase-dolobheni — amahospitale, izindawo zokugcina izimpendulo, izinhlangano zokuhamba — ukudistribute amandla angaphezulu kwezinye izinkampani ziyasebenzisa iziswitch zokuhambisana ngokuzenzakalelayo (automatic transfer switches) okuzosusa umsebenzi kwezinkampani zokuhlinzekela noma kwezinkampani zokunika amandla ezingaphansi kwezinye ngemizuzu emibili ngemva kokungafakwanga amandla. Lezi ziswitch zikufanele zihambisane nezinkampani zokuhlinzekela ezisemzini ukuthi amandla okuvula kwezinkampani zokuhlinzekela noma kwezinkampani zokuhamba ngemva kokuhambisana ayizange zisuse iziswitch ngokungafanele.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yimaphi amazinga kagesi achaza ukusabalalisa ugesi ophansi?
Ukusabalalisa amandla aphansi kusebenza kumavolthi afinyelela ku-1 000 volts AC njengoba kuchazwe yizindinganiso ze-IEC. Amandla kagesi asetshenziswa kakhulu angama-400/230 volts ama-three-phase ezimakethe ze-IEC nama-480/277 volts noma ama-208/120 volts ezimakethe zaseNyakatho Melika.
Amapaneli e-LV ahlakaniphile ahluke kanjani kumapaneli okudlulisa ajwayelekile?
Amapaneli ahlakaniphile ahlanganisa iziphazamisi ezihlakaniphile ezinamamojula wokulinganisa nokuxhumana afakwe ngaphakathi, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqapha isikhathi sangempela kwamapharamitha kagesi ngesekethe ngalinye. Idatha idluliselwa kumapulatifomu okuphatha amandla anikeza ukuthambekela kokulayisha, ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi yamandla, kanye nezixwayiso zokulungiswa kokubikezela amakhono angekho kumaphaneli avamile avikela kuphela.
Iyini imiphumela yezomnotho yokwehluleka kokusabalalisa amandla aphansi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni?
Isikhathi esodwa sesihora kumkhakha wokusebenza kwezindawo zokusebenza kusobala ukuthi kubhishwa izinkambo zezigidi ezingu-50 kuze kuzigidi ezingu-500 zokungasebenzi futhi ukuthi kuhlukunyezwe ukusebenza. Kumaqondiswano emithambo apho ukusebenza kuyaphatha ngokuphelele, izindlela zokubhishwa zingaba ziningi kunezimilioni ezingu-1 ngosihora. Lezi zinombolo zivumela ukuthi kwenziwe umsebenzi omkhulu ekuphatheni kwesikhundla sokugcina isikhundla sokugcina.
Ukuthi izinhlobo zokusebenza zezinsizakaliso zikwenza kanjani ukuthi kubhekiswe kwezinhlobo zokusebenza zezinsizakaliso?
Izinhlobo zokusebenza ezingavamile — izilayithi zeLED, izinhlobo zokusebenza zezibhanku zokuguqula ifrekhwensi, izindlela zokufaka amandla emakhompyutha — zihlela izinhlobo zokusebenza zezinsizakaliso okuzoba nokuthi kubhekiswe kwezinhlobo zokusebenza zezinsizakaliso kwezitranfomaya, kwezinhlobo zokusebenza zezinsizakaliso, kanye nezinhlobo zokusebenza zezinsizakaliso. Izitranfomaya ezinomlando we-K-factor kanye nokukhulisa izinhlobo zokusebenza zezinsizakaliso ziyizindlela ezibalulekile zokuvikela kumaqondiswano ongenayo ukuthi kubhekiswe kwezinhlobo zokusebenza zezinsizakaliso.
Ukuthi isikhundla sokugcina esincane sikwenza kanjani ukuthi kubhekiswe kwezinhlobo zokusebenza zezinsizakaliso?
Amaphaneli okusakaza kwe-LV ngezindlela zokubhalisa izinkampani zokusebenza kuzo zikwazi ukubona izimali ezingafanele, ukugcina izimali zokusebenza kubantu abasebenza kuleli gama noma amagunya, nokubonisa ukuthi izindlela zokulungisa ukusebenza kwemali ziyasebenza njani. Lokhu kubhekisele kuzo zonke izindlela zokubonisa izimali ngokuphelele, futhi kuyisibonelo sokuthi kufanele kufakwa emkhakheni yezincwadi zokuthi isikhathi esifanayo sithi LEED ne-BREEAM.
Kufundiswa njani izisakazo sezimali zokusakaza ngapansi kwe-LV kabefore ukusakaza kwabo?
Ukufunda emhlabathini kufaka ukufunda kwezimali zokuphatha ukuthi kuzoba kakhulu, ukubhalisa ukuthi izimali zokuvimbela ziyasebenza njani, ukubonisa ukuthi izimali zokuvimbela ziyasebenza njani, nokufunda ukuthi izimali zokuvimbela ziyasebenza njani ngokuphelele ngokwesibonelo se-IEC 61439. Ukusakaza kwenhlabathi kufaka ukufunda kwezimali zokuvimbela ngokuphakeme kanye nokuphakeme kwezimali zokuvimbela, ukubonisa ukuthi izimali zokuvimbela ziyasebenza njani kanye nokubonisa ukuthi izimali zokuvimbela ziyasebenza njani, nokufunda ukuthi izimali zokuvimbela ziyasebenza njani ngokuphelele.