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Izingxenyekazi Zokuqhumisa: Ukuqeda Izithiyo Ekupheleni Okuphezulu Kwe-Voltage Spectrum
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokucima i-arc ye-vacuum: ukuhlanganiswa okusheshayo kwe-arc ye-plasma nokubuyiselwa okusheshayo kwamanje
Kodwa izikhundla zokuvula kwe-vacuum circuit breaker zivula, izivuthi zemetalu zihlukaniswa ngokuphakanyiswa kwayo futhi zenza i-plasma arc. Kuleveli eliphezulu kakhulu le-vacuum (iphresha < 10^-4 torr), iziparti eziphakanyisiweyo ziyavakasha kuzo izikhundla, okunika ukubuyisela kahle i-plasma arc ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sesi-1-5 ms. Lokhu kufanele kusinikeze ukuthi isheath yocurrent ibe yinkimbinkimbi eyokuvula kahle kusistimu kabefore iphasi elilandelayo le-voltage yasistimu, okunika ukukhuluma kahle kwe-arc ngokucindezela kahle kumqondo wokuthi i-current iyodlula ku-zero ngokucindezela kahle kanye nokukhuluma kahle kwe-arc formation. I-level yevacuum iyavumela ukuthi izi-electron zibe nendlela eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuphakeme kahle ngokulingana ne-1000 kune-SF6 gas. Lokhu nguqondiso olubalulekile ukuthi i-vacuum circuit breakers zingcono kune-gas no-air circuit breakers ekuvuleni kahle kwezinhlobo zocurrent elektriki.
Ukuvula kwezikhathi esingaphezu kwe-15 ms futhi ukuvula kwe-zero-crossing kungcono kune-SF₆ no-air-break alternates.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphazamiseka kwephutha, iziphazamisi ze-vacuum zingakwazi ukususa amaphutha ngo-15 ms noma ngaphansi, okuyi-30 50 % ngokushesha kune-SF6 noma izinhlelo ze-air-break. Ngenxa yokuthi i-vacuum interrupter itholakala endaweni engenalutho, ijubane elingaqeda ngalo ukuphazamiseka alilawulwa izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokugeleza kwegesi, okuyinto, nokho, eyenzekayo ngama-insulators egesi. Esigabeni sama-72.5 kV, ubuchwepheshe be-vacuum interrupter busebenza kangcono ngokuphindwe kathathu kune-SF6 kulezo TRV ezicasulayo uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho onjiniyela abaningi abakubheka njengokulinganiselwe. Onjiniyela abaningi bacabanga ukuthi imishini evamile yokuvala umoya idinga okungenani izikhathi ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-10 lapho amandla angadluli khona ngaphambi kokuba ikwazi ukuphazamisa i-arc. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziphazamisi ze-vacuum kulindeleke ukuba ziphazamise wonke ama-arc (kuze kufike ku-99.8% arc extinction, ngokusho kwe-IEC 62271-100) ngo-2 noma ngaphansi. Izicelo ze-vacuum interrupter ezingokoqobo ezingu-100% nazo ziye zabonisa ukuqhuma kwamandla aphansi kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwangempela nakho kubonise ukuthi kunezingqimba zamandla kagesi ezingaphansi kuka-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-vacuum switch agcinwe ngegesi.Ukuqina Okuphezulu Kwe-Dielectric Kuvumela Ukuhlanganiswa Kwe-HV Okuqinile, Okuthembekile
Ukuhlanzwa kwe-vacuum kwezindawo zokugcina (kude kuka-30 kV/cm) nokudesigna kwakho kwezindawo zokuhlanganisa ngokufanayo kwezindlela zokusebenza kwe-72.5–145 kV
I-vacuum inombolo yokuqinisa okuphelele kakhulu engaphezu kuka-30 kV ngasenti, okunikeza ukusebenza kahle kwezindawo zokugcina zezindawo eziningi ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamagasi amaningi. Lokhu kunceda abasebenzi ukuthatha izindawo zokuhlanganisa ngokufanayo kwezirandla zokusebenza zase-IEC zokusebenza kwe-72.5 kuya kuma-145 kV. Ngaphandle kwezibhreka zika-SF6, i-vacuum inobuchule obungcono ngoba inqoba ukusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokuguqula kwezinhlobo zokuhlala, ukuphakama, nokuhlanzwa. Kusukela kwezibhreka zika-vacuum, kususwa izinkinga zokudala amagasi, okunikeza ukusebenza kahle kwezindawo zokugcina ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezingavumelekile.
Izinkundla zokusebenza nezimithi: isikhundla esingaphezu kuka-30–40% esincane kwezindawo zokugcina zase-GIS nezindawo zokugcina ezihlanganisiwe ngezibhreka zika-SF₆
Uvacuum uyakhiwa ngokupheleleyo kwezinkundla zokugcina umoya, okuvumela ukuthi izikhala zokugcina phakathi kwamaphakathi azizinye. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izintshuntsho ziyizinye futhi, ngakho-ke izibhrekha ziyizinye kakhulu. Ukuthi isikhala sifanele kuyisikhala esikhulu kakhulu. Uma kuchazwa ukuthi izinsiza zokugcina umoya (GIS) ziyasebenzisa i-vacuum noma i-SF6, kubhekwe ngokujwayelekile ukuthi kusetyenziswa isikhala esingaphezu kwe-30% uye ku-40% esincane. Izinkampani zokusebenza ziyizinye futhi, kunezinye izihlukahlukene, kufana ne-60%. Lokhu kuyisiphumo esikhulu kakhulu kwezinsiza zokugcina ezihlanganisiweyo ngoba kuhlela ukuthi izibhanku ziyahambisana futhi kuncamisa ukuthi kwenziwe ngokushesha. Kwezinkampani zokuphatha izinsiza zokugcina e-Europe, amakhompani amaningi akubonisa ukuthi kune-isikhala esingaphezu kwe-35% emva kokusebenzisa i-vacuum kwezinsiza zokugcina zokusebenza ngokwesibalo se-145kV.
Ukubaluleka Kwesikhathi Esidlonge Ngezinkundla Zokusebenza Ezinkulu Ze-HV Futhi Kunezinkulungwane Ezincane
Kungenani kwe-20,000 ukusebenza < 0.001% yezinkulungwane zokungafani ngokwesi-IEEE C37.09-2018
Amasimbi okugcina amandla angabonakala ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto futhi azikwazi ukuthi abonakale ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto, futhi kungafika kumazwi amashumi amabili nezinkulu ezinye ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto noma kungabi nesilinganiso sokufa sengaphezu kwe-0.001% ngokwesibonelo se-IEEE C37.09-2018. Ngoba akukho indawo yokubhukudwa kwamandla noma amasimbi okugcina amandla okuhlelwa ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto, umthelela wokugcina amandla uyasebenza ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto ngeminyaka eminingi yokuqonda. Idata yomlando yathola ukuthi amaqembu amaningi ayisebenza ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto ngeminyaka emishumi emathathu kabusha ngaphambi kokubuyisela iziqephu zesi-72.5 kV. Ngokuvamile, kuzo zizinhlobo ezingaphambuka kwezinye izinto, abasebenzi bafunda ukuthi banezindleko ezingu-40% ezingaphambuka kwezinye izinto. Ukungabi nesilinganiso sokuthi izinyathelo ziyahlelwa ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto noma izihlangothi zokuhlelwa ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto ozithanda ukufa ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto kuyinto eyenhlela ubukhulu bezinhlobo zezinye izinto.
Akukho umphathi wamandla, izinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa komoya, noma iziphumo zokuhlukunyezwa okungavumelekile—kuyisusa izinhlobo ezingaphambuka kwezinye izinto zezinhlobo zama-SF₆.
Izinhlobo zokugcina amandla ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto ziyagcina izinhlobo ezingaphambuka kwezinye izinto ezintathu zezinhlobo zokugcina amandla ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto:
Akukho ukuphathwa kwegesi: Akukho ukuphathwa kwe-SF6, ukutholakala kokuvuza, noma ukuphathwa kwegesi ebizayo yokubuyiselwa
Ukumelana nomswakama: Ukuqhekeka kwe-dielectric okuhlobene nomswakama, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wokwehluleka kwe-SF6 breaker, kuyagwemeka.
Akunabo ubuthi: Akukho gesi ongcolisa imikhiqizo engeyona eyensimbi ye-fluoride
Ngenxa yalokho, izifundo zamasu eziwusizo zabonisa ukuthi izidingo zokugcinwa kwezinto zancipha ngo-75%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, agwema inhlawulo yokukhishwa kwe-SF6 engu-$740,000 ngonyaka okukhulunywe ngayo ekucwaningweni kokuthobela kwe-EPA. Umklamo wokuxhumana oqinile ugwema nokubola kokukhipha okuvela kuma-gas interrupters ngemuva kokusebenza kwesekethe elifushane.
Ukushintsha Kwezintambo Zamagesi: Ukusuka Kwezintambo Zamagesi Ephakathi Kuya Kwezintambo Zamagesi Ephakeme
Ukuthumela
Izikhiphi ezijwayelekile zesekethe ezijwayelekile zinezinhlelo zezinsiza ze- (12 × 145 kV) ne-145 kV
Ambrakeri we-circuit we-vacuum wabuyiswe kakhulu kusasa ukuhlela ukusebenza kwazo kumisebenzi we-medium ne-high voltage yezinkampani ze-145 kV. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkampani zokugcina, i-vacuum, ukugcina, nokusebenza kwe-magnetic, kuhlele ukusebenza kwazo kumisebenzi ye-145 kV. Kunezinkampani zokusebenza zokuvula ezinokwenzela ukuvula kungaphezulu kuka-40 kA (ibizo lokho: < 20 ms). Lezi brakeri zizamele izinkampani ezingaphezulu zokusebenza kumiphakathi yezintemperatura ezingaphezulu kwe-40 kuya kuma-55 degrees Celsius futhi ngokubona ukungabikho kwezinyama zokuphatha kahle kwezinhlobo zomhlaba.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Vacuum Interrupter kwe-245kV: IZINQAMULELI ZE-IEC 62271-100 NEMIPHAKATHI YOKUVULA KWE-MULTI-BREAK
Abakhiqizi bebelokhu bethengisa ubuchwepheshe be-vacuum ngezicelo ezingama-245KV ezinemiklamo yokuhlukanisa uchungechunge olunama-multi-break. Ngokuyisisekelo, ahlanganisa iziphazamisi eziningi ze-vacuum ukuze amandla kagesi asakazwe ngokulinganayo emishini eminingi esikhundleni sokuba agxile endaweni eyodwa. Lezi zakhiwo muva nje ziye zavumelana nezindinganiso ze-IEC 62271-100 zamandla okuphuka angama-245kV / 50kA, okuyinto ebalulekile embonini. Enye yezinhlobo zezinhlobo zenzelwe ukuphazamisa ukugeleza kwamanje emjikelezweni kagesi emibili, okwenza kube yi-40% ngokushesha kunama-interrupter ajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le modeli isebenzisa ithusi-chromium (Cu / Cr) contact
izinhlelo ezihlisa amandla okusika abe ngaphansi kuka-3 A. Amamodeli ambalwa okuqala afakiwe kunethiwekhi kagesi yaseYurophu kusukela ngonyaka odlule. Ochwepheshe abaningi bemboni bakholelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-vacuum ekugcineni buzosusa igesi ye-SF6 ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla aphezulu lapho ukukhathazeka kwemvelo kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yini indlela eyinkulu yokusebenzisa amabrikha we-circuit we-vacuum ngaphandle kwezinye zezinhlobo ze-SF6 nezinhlobo zokuvula kwamanzi?
Kodwa kuzinhlobo zezivoltage ezingaphezulu, amabrikha we-circuit we-vacuum ayafika kusukela kwezindawo zokuphatha kwe-dielectric ngokushesha, okuyisiphumo sokuvula kwe-arc ngokushesha futhi ukuncipha kwezivoltage ezinamandla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabrikha we-circuit we-vacuum ayasebenza ngendlela eyinkulu yokusebenza ngokulinganayo ngezinye izinhlobo.
Ungakubiza ntoni ngendlela yokwakha kwezinhlobo ze-SF6 okunakekela ukuthi amabrikha we-vacuum ayabe nenkulu eningi?
Ngokuthi izinhlobo ze-SF6 zinezindawo zokuphatha kwe-dielectric ezingaphansi, zidinga ukuthi izindawo zokuhlanganisa zibe ziningi. Ngalesi simo, amabrikha we-vacuum ayadinga umbala weminyaka engu-30–40% emnye ngezinhlobo ze-SF6.
Izingxenye eziphazamisayo ezisebenza nge-vacuum ziphila isikhathi esingaphezu kwezingu-20.000, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, azinamazinga aphansi okuhluleka. Leli zinga eliphansi lokwehluleka lisho ukuthi zingase zisebenze iminyaka engaba ngu-30 ziphumelela. Leli zinga eliphansi lokwehluleka kanye nezinga eliphakeme lempumelelo kusho ukuthi iziphazamisi ze-vacuum zingaba nezindleko eziphansi ngo-40% kunezobuchwepheshe obudala ngenxa yokunakekelwa nokulungiswa okuncane okudingekayo
Ingabe kunenzuzo yokusebenzisa iziphazamisi ze-vacuum kunezisiphazamisi ze-SF6 uma kuziwa emvelweni?
Yebo, ngiyavuma! Izingxenyekazi zokuvala ukungena zikhipha isidingo sezinhlelo zokulawula igesi, futhi azinamanzi. Kunemikhiqizo emibi embalwa noma ayikho. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunezindleko ezingcono zemvelo kanye nezindleko ezingcono zezimali ezihlobene nezinhlelo ze-SF6.