Wani abu ne ya sa Vacuum Circuit Breaker ya zama mafi kyau don sistemai na kudin ƙarfi mai yawa?

Vacuum Breakers: Gudan Ƙarfin Kudin Ƙarfi A Cikin Kudin Ƙarfi Mai Yawa

Abin da za a sani a lokacin gudan kalmomin tashin kudin ƙarfi a cikin vacuum: kalmomin tashin plasma ya gudan kamar yadda aka yi, da kuma kudin ƙarfi ya gudan kamar yadda aka yi

Yaduwa a cikin kwayoyin kudin vacuum ya gudan, yana zama ionized kuma yana saba da arc na plasma. A wani tsawo mai zuwa (pressure < 10^-4 torr), abubuwan da suka dace da kudin yana taka cikin yaduwa, wanda ke ba da damar kara saitaccen kudin plasma a cikin 1-5 ms. Wannan kuma ya ba da damar kudin sheath in ba da kudin mai zuwa ga jihar kuma a baya da kudin bayan kuma ya faru, wanda ke ba da damar kara saitaccen kudin a wani lokaci mafi kyau don kudin ya faru kamar yadda aka shirya, kuma kudin ya faru. Tsawon kudin ya ba da damar kudin electron ya faru 1000 kari a cikin kudin SF6. Wannan shine sabon da kwayoyin kudin vacuum sun yi fi kwayoyin kudin gas da kwayoyin kudin hawa a kara saitaccen kudin elektriki.

Kudin kara saitaccen kudin a cikin sub-15 ms da kudin kara saitaccen kudin zero-crossing mai fi kudin SF₆ da kudin hawa.

Game da katsewar kuskure, masu katsewa na cikin gida zasu iya share kurakurai a cikin 15 ms ko ƙasa da haka, wanda shine 30 50 ٪ sauri fiye da SF6 ko tsarin iska. Saboda mai katsewa na cikin iska yana cikin iska, saurin da zai iya shawo kan katsewa ba ya ƙarƙashin tsarin tsarin iskar gas mai rikitarwa, wanda shine, duk da haka, batun gas. A cikin aji na 72.5 kV, fasahar katsewar injin ta kusan sau uku fiye da SF6 akan waɗannan TRV masu ban haushi idan aka kwatanta da abin da yawancin injiniyoyi ke ɗauka matsakaici. Yawancin injiniyoyi suna la'akari da na'urorin iska na yau da kullum don buƙatar akalla 8 zuwa 10 yanzu a kan tsallakawa kafin su iya dakatar da wani baka. Masu katsewa na injin, a gefe guda, ana sa ran katse dukkan arcs (har zuwa 99.8% arc extinction, bisa ga IEC 62271-100) a cikin 2 ko ƙasa da haka. A 100% real-rai Vacuum katsewa aikace-aikace sun kuma nuna muhimmanci m ƙarfin lantarki spikes. Gwaje-gwaje na ainihi sun kuma nuna cewa akwai kusan 40% ƙananan spikes na ƙarfin lantarki idan aka kwatanta da sauyawa na iska mai tsabta.

Kamalƙar ƙarfi na kariya ta fuskanci (>30 kV/cm) da tsarin gaba daya na kariya mai iya rarraba don 72.5–145 kV aikace-aikacen

Fuskanci yana da kamalƙar ƙarfi na kariya mai yawa wanda ke fi 30 kV per cm, wanda ya ba da imkanin kariya mai yawa na sistemai na kariya mai yawa ba tare da gasai na sauran, amma. Wannan nasara ta ba mazauna imkanin rarraba gaba daya na kariya a cikin tsarin IEC mai lafiya na 72.5 kV zuwa 145 kV. Bayan SF6 breaker, teknologiya na fuskanci ta fi kyawun kuma ta zama mai yawa saboda ta kammala aiki daidai bayan yadda za a yi ajiyar kariya, daga wani ala'adu ko yadda za a yi ajiyar hankali. Kuma, teknologiya na fuskanci ta kammala muhimman gasai, wanda ta ba da imkanin aiki mai yawa na substation a cikin halin da ke cika kariya.

Fayilin daga cikin wuri da karamin karami: 30–40% ƙaramin wuri a GIS da substation na hybrid don SF₆ breaker

Vacuum yana da ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki, yana ba da damar ƙananan ƙananan haɗuwa tsakanin sassan. Wannan yana haifar da masu katsewa waɗanda suka fi ƙanƙanta a girma kuma saboda haka, masu yankewa mafi ƙanƙanta gaba ɗaya. Adadin sararin samaniya yana da muhimmanci. Idan aka kwatanta kayan aiki na GIS da ke amfani da fasahar iska maimakon SF6, yawanci ana amfani da kusan kashi 30 zuwa 40 cikin ɗari na sarari. Hakanan tsarin aiki ya fi sauƙi, a wasu lokuta har zuwa 60%. Wannan yana da amfani musamman ga tashoshin haɗin gwiwar gama gari saboda yana inganta hanyoyin busbar da saurin haɓaka. A cikin haɓaka cibiyar sadarwa a duk faɗin Turai, kamfanoni da yawa sun ba da rahoton kusan 35% ƙarin sarari bayan aiwatar da fasahar injin a daidaitaccen 145kV.

Dogaro na dogon lokaci tare da babban aiki na HV da ƙananan kulawa

Ƙarin aiki fiye da 20,000 < 0.001% rashin cin nasara ta IEEE C37.09-2018

Masu katsewa na iska waɗanda ke da rufi kuma ba za su taɓa shafar kewaye da su ba na iya wuce ayyukan inji 20,000 tare da ƙarancin gazawar ƙasa da 0.001% a cikin IEEE C37.09-2018. Domin babu wuraren da gas zai fita ko kuma a rufe shi da wuta, ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ci gaba har tsawon shekaru. Bayanai na filin sun nuna cewa yawancin kayan aiki suna da shekaru 30 na sabis kafin maye gurbin sassan 72.5 kV. A akasin wannan, ga sababbin kayayyaki, masu aiki suna samun tanadi na kimanin kashi 40 cikin dari. Rashin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun sassan motsi da tuntuɓar zamewa waɗanda galibi ke kasawa yayin maimaita ayyukan cire lalacewa shine abin da ke haɓaka amincin waɗannan ƙirar.

Babu sarrafa gas, batutuwan da suka shafi danshi, ko kayan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abuyana kawar da manyan hanyoyin gazawar tsarin SF6.

Tsarin katsewa na vacuum ya kewaye manyan wuraren da aka gaza na tsarin gas din da aka matsa:

Babu kudin gas: Babu kudin SF₆, kudi na gaba daya na gas ko kudin gas mai yawa

Za a iya gudan cikin ruwa: Kudin ruwa wanda ke haifar da kudin dielectric, wanda ke zama babbar sabonin kudin SF₆ breaker, za a iya gudan cikin ruwa

Babu tushen: Babu sistema gas wanda ke tushen metal fluoride wanda ke haifar da kudin gas

Don haka, bayani na al'umma na kudin gas suka nuna cewa kudin kudin suka raba ta 75%. Amma suka iya gudan cikin kudin $740,000/nan kudin SF₆ wanda aka bayani a cikin EPA compliance audits. Tsarin solid-contact ya iya gudan cikin kudin contact erosion wanda ke daga gas interrupters bayan kowace shi kuma kudin short-circuit.

Kudin Voltage wanda ke canza: Daga Medium Voltage zuwa High Voltage
Kudin kudin

Vacuum circuit breakers wanda suka dore suka dore (12–145 kV) da kudin 145 kV na al'umma

Masu yanke kewayawa na kwanan nan sun samo asali don haɓaka amfanin su a cikin aiki a ƙarƙashin matsakaici da kuma 145 kV manyan tsarin ƙarfin lantarki. Ci gaban kayan tuntuɓar, injin, hatimi, da aikin lantarki, sun inganta amfani da su a cikin shigarwar 145 kV. Suna da ƙarfin aiki na aiki har zuwa 40 kA (watau < 20 ms). Wadannan masu yankewa suna maye gurbin manyan hanyoyin samar da kayan aiki a cikin yanayin zafin jiki mai nisa daga -40 zuwa +55 digiri Celsius kuma la'akari da rashin iskar gas mai cutarwa ga muhalli.

Fasahar katsewar iska don 245kV: IEC 62271-100 Standards da Ci gaban Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin

Masu fasahar suka kafa teknikin vakuum don amfani da su a cikin kayan aiki na 245KV ta hanyar tsarin mabudin da suka fara daga cikin kuma suka gudan. A matsayin da aka bayyana, suna kawo mabudin vakuum mai yawa don haka yadda tashin kudada ya kashe a cikin kayan aiki mai yawa ba a cikin wani baki kuma. Wadannan tsarinen suka zama muhimmi a yanzu da suka haɗa da standadin IEC 62271-100 don 245kV / 50kA, wanda ke nufin mutum mai muhimmi ga shirye-shiryen. Wani daga cikin wadannan kayan aiki na musamman ya tsara don kare rukunin kudada a 2 sarrafa elektriki, wanda ke nufin yadda ya fi 40% karfi ne da mabudin da suka fara daga cikin kuma. Kuma wannan kayan aiki ya amfani da tsarin kudada na copper-chromium (Cu/Cr)

wanda ke kare kudada na karewa zuwa < 3 A. Cewa mabudin na farko na kayan aiki na musamman suna cire a cikin jihar elektriki na Yurupu daga sanan kafin. Kullum masu fasaha na shirye-shiryen suna ji cewa teknikin vakuum zai saita SF6 gas a cikin kayan aiki na kudada mai yawa inda alamar da za a yi lafiya na al'adu suna cikin fuskantar.

Tambayoyi Masu Yawan Faruwa

Wani ne ƙarfin sarari na amfani da vacuum circuit breakers don hanyar yin amfani da SF6 da air-break systems?

Kamar yadda ake yi amfani da high voltage systems, vacuum circuit breakers suna da kara gaba daya na dielectric strength wanda ya zama sababinsa ta yin quenching na arc da kara karamin voltage spikes. Wannan yana nufin cewa vacuum circuit breakers zasu iya aiki da kara yawa na efficiency don hanyar wasu systems.

Wani ne abin da za a iya fahimta shi game da design na SF6 breakers wanda ya zama sababin kara yawa na sautin vacuum interrupters?

Don hanyar SF6 breakers suka da kara yawa na dielectric strength, suka bukatar kara yawa na contact gaps. Don haka, vacuum interrupters suna bukatar kara yawa na 30-40% ga space don hanyar SF6 breakers.

Ko'omunikaishin na vakuum suna da tsayi ta yawa don 20,000 aiki, kuma saboda hakan suka hada da yawan kuskuren. Wannan yawan kuskuren ya nufi cewa suka iya aiki don 30 shekara ta fayyade. Wannan yawan kuskuren da yawan fayyade ya nufi cewa ko'omunikaishin na vakuum zasu iya samun abu ne da 40% ƙasa don teknolohiya na zuwa gaba yayi amfani da shi saboda kuskuren da sauransu da tattaunawa.

Yaya ne ala'adun amfani da ko'omunikaishin na vakuum don bayyana daga SF6 kafin wani abu ne da ala'adu don yankin?

Hakika! Ko'omunikaishin na vakuum suna canza bukatun sistem na gas, kuma suna da ala'adun kuskuren da ruwa. Suna da kuskuren da abubuwan da suka faru da kuskuren. Saboda hakan, suna da kuskuren da ala'adun yankin da kuskuren da ala'adun finanshi da suka hada da sistem na SF6.