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Umphathi wendawo yekhampu yase-Asia eNtshonalanga wabophelela ukufaka amapile yokucharga angama-40 kumathuba amathathu. Ngeminyaka emibili, izimboni zokuguqula ivolti kumbili wezindawo zazihlupha amaphetha wokugcina umoya ngeminyaka yokuqonda kokucharga, okwakhothama isikhathi sokusebenza okwakwenzela ukuzwa kwezinkundla zokucharga nezinkundla zokucharga kanye nokuthatha isikhathi sokubona kwezinkundla zokucharga. Umphimbo wokwakhiwa kwakwenzeka ngokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhambisa umoya — okwakwakhishwe kabefore ukuthi izindlela zokucharga ezinkulu zizoba zingahambisiwe kwiqembu lezindlela zokucharga. Isipile sokucharga sifanele ukuba sibe yilokho esibonakalisayo kwezindlela zokuhambisa umoya, futhi ukuzwa izintechinoloji ezithuthukisa ukucharga kwanamuhla kuyisisekelo sokuthi abantu bafuna ukuthenga izindlela zokucharga.
Ukudistribuca umoya nokuhambisa kwe-grid
Ukuphatha izinto ngokomlando nokusivela kwezindlela zokuhambisa umoya
Amachargi akhazimbi amasha kakhulu akasifundisa ukuthi abonakala ngokupheleleyo uma umsitha waphinda. Izinhlangano zokuphatha ukusebenza kwemithombo yamandla zihlolonga ngokuzinhlungu ukusebenza kwesikhulu sokwakhiwa futhi zibhokha amandla okufunekayo kubantu abanxumene ngokugcwele. Uma isikhulu sokwakhiwa siphuma emlandweni wakho, isisitemu sibeka isikhundla sesikhundla sokuchargi ngokukhanya ngokunye nokuqhubeka kokulawula isikhundla esingaphansi — lokhu kusindisa isimo esisodwa ngumsebenzisi weparking. Izinkumbulo zokuphakama kwamandla esikhundla sokuchargi, njengezinkumbulo zokuphakama kwamandla e-low voltage ezilandelwe ngokwesikhundla esikhulu, ziyincwadi zokuphakama kwamandla e-intelligent engezinye izinkumbulo zokuxhumana ozikhipha izinto zokusebenza zezinhlangano, i-voltage, ne-temperature ku-controller yesikhundla. Lokhu kusiza ekubhaleni isikhundla sokuphakama kwamandla: isisitemu sifunda izindlela zokusebenza futhi sibhokha amandla ngokuphambili kubantu ababuyela kusikhundla sokuphakama kwamandla. Ukuxhumana nesikhundla sokuphakama kwamandla se-low voltage kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi kukhona ukuthwasa kwe-harmonic okuthulwa ngamashini okuphakama kwamandla ngokwesikhundla sokuchargi, okufanele kubhekwe ukuthi kukhona ukuthwasa kwe-harmonic kwi-main switchboard ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi amandla ayisebenza ngokupheleleyo kusikhundla.
Ukukhathala Kwesigaba Nokugqibela Kwemiphumela
Ukukhathala kwesigaba kusuka ekhaya lokuhambisa amandla. Amacircuit breakers okwakhiwe ngendlela yomkhosi ongashinti ngokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuvikela ukuthi kungakhathali kanye nokufaka kakhulu, futhi abalwa ngokuphelele ukuthi bafanele kwezinye izinyathelo zokufaka amandla. Amadivayisi wokubuyisela amandla ayithola amandla angavumelekile — okungakhathali kakhulu kubantu uma ikhabheli noma isikhombisi sifana nokunqula kwezinye izinto zokuvikela — futhi asimelisa amandla ngemizuzwana emibili. Ukuthola ukuvikela kwe-arc kuyisayensi entsha eyasendleleni yokukhathala, njengoba ukuvikela kwe-DC kusikhombisi noma kwekhabheli elihlukile kungahlinzeki ngokuphelele ngokuvikela kokufaka kakhulu. Ukugcina lezi zinyathelo zokuvikela kusenathi esihlanganayo — apho isigaba sokufaka amandla, ikhaya lokuhambisa amandla, kunye nesikhombisi sakho sikhuluma ngamaphumela okuvikela — kusinika ukugqibela okukhethekile okusimelisa kuphela izinyathelo ezithathwe ngokuvikela kodwa akasimelisi konke isikhumbuzo.
Ukuxhumana Kunye Nezindlela Zokwazi
Ukuxhumana kwe-IoT nokuphatha kabusha
Izihlangu zokufaka amandla zonke kumkhosi wamanje zisebenza njenge-Node yase-IoT, zixhumana ngaphandle kwe-4G, Wi-Fi noma Ethernet nesikhungo sesiqondisi sokuphatha. Lesi sikhungo sisambula izimboni eziningi noma ezinkulu kwezihlangu zokufaka amandla, esinika abasebenzi ukubona isimo samandla ngokushesha, ukuchaza ukusebenzisa, nokuhlola kabusha ngaphandle kokuthi usebenzi. Uma izihlangu zokufaka amandla zibhabha ukuthi kuyadla amandla okufaka amandla noma kuyathwasa ukuxhumana, abasebenzi bakho bafakwa phambi kokuthi abasebenzisi bakhuluma ngolutho olungcono. Ukuthuthukisa kwamandla ngaphandle kokuthi usebenzi kwenza izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokufaka amandla — njengokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuxhumana phakathi kwezihlangu zokufaka amandla nezinhlelo ezintsha zezinhlelo zokufaka amandla — ngaphandle kokuthi usebenzi ahambe emsebenzini. I-Open Charge Point Protocol yasendula njengezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuxhumana phakathi kwezihlangu zokufaka amandla nezikhungo zesiqondisi sezindawo, esinika ukuthi izihlangu zokufaka amandla zibe nesilinganiso phakathi kwezihlangu zokufaka amandla zezindawo ezahlukene nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezindawo ezahlukene.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Izindlela zokusebenza zezindlela zokufaka amandla e-AC zithola nini?
Izindlela zokufaka amandla e-AC zithola kakhulu izindlela zokusebenza e-7 kW ukuya e-22 kW emazweni okuzalwa nezindlela zokusebenza, zisebenza ngokusebenzisa isikhathi esisodwa noma esithathu sesikhathi se-AC. Izindlela zokufaka amandla e-DC ezinkanyezi zithola i-50 kW ukuya e-350 kW, kubedinga ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthengiswa kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhathi sokufaka amandla noma kwezindawo ezithile zokusebenza kwesikhathi sokufaka amandla noma kwezindawo ezithile zokusebenza kwesikhathi sokufaka amandla.
Ukuthi izindlela zokufaka amandla zihlanganisa njani nesikhathi sokufaka amandla?
Izindlela zokufaka amandla e-smart zihlanganisa nesikhathi sokufaka amandla ngokusebenzisa iziprothokholi ezitholakala kwi-site controller nezindlela zokusebenza kwesikhathi sokufaka amandla. Izindlela zokuphatha izimali zihlanganisa izimfundo nezindlela zokuvula izimali zokusebenza nezimbali, zinikeza izindlela zokuphatha izimali zokusebenza okukhomba ukuthi kusenziwe ukuthinteka kokufaka amandla ngokuphelele kwezindlela zokufaka amandla.
Izicertifikethi zokuphatha kuzo ziziphi ezitholakala kuzo izindlela zokufaka amandla?
IEC 61851 iyathumela izinhlangano zokufaka amandla ngokugqamisa kwe-EVs, kubhekana nezinkinga zokuphepha kwe-charging pile, ikhabhulayo, nokunqamisa. IEC 62196 ibuyisela izithuthi zokunqamisa nezinkinga zokuphepha zokuvimbela. Izistandadi zasezinye izindawo njenge-UL 2594 eNorth America nezistandadi ze-GB/T eChina zidala izinkinga ezithile zokuziphatha ngokwesikhundla.
Kungani ukuthi ukususa izihlakulo zokuhambisana kuyisisekelo sokufaka amandla ngokugqamisa?
Iphase yokuguqula i-AC ku-D.C. emva kokunqamisa ngasinye kwe-charging pile iyadala izihlakulo zokuhambisana ozokubonakalisa isibalo sevoltage sokufaka. Izihlakulo ezingaphezulu ziyabangela ukuthi itransformer ithiyele, ukuthi izibhreka zihlale zilungisele, nokuthi zihambisana nezinto ezinhlakanipile. Izihlakulo zokuhambisana ezenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-inverter ezifakelwe kwe-main distribution panel ziyakhuluma lezi zinkinga.
Ukuthi ukuphatha okudluliselwe kwamanzi kufaka amandla kuyakwenza kanjani ukuthi isikhundla sokufaka amandla sibe yinkokhelo?
Ukuphatha kwemithombo yokuqonda kuyenza ukuthi izikhundla zokufaka amandla zibe nengxenye enkulu yokusebenza ngokwesiqondiso sezinhlelo zokufaka amandla. Uma akukho loku, umshini wokufaka amandla ungalwa ngokwesibonelo sakhe sokugcina isilinganiso ngokwesikhathi esifanayo — okunqoba ukuthi kubekwe amathransfomaya amakhulu, amashini okuhlanganisa, nokuxhumana kwezinhlelo zokufaka amandla okuzokwenza izindlela zokuthenga zibe phakade ngama-30 ku-50 percent.
Izikhundla zokufaka amandla zingaqondana ne-solar PV nezinkambo zokugcina amandla?
Izisombululo zesikhundla sokufaka amandla, izinkambo zokugcina amandla, nezinkambo zokufaka amandla zihlanganisa ukuthenga kwesolile kwezinyawo nesikhundla sokugcina amandla esikhundla ukusinika izikhundla zokufaka amandla ngeminyaka yamanje kanye neminyaka yokuphakama kokusebenza. Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi kungabikho isilinganiso sokusebenza kwe-grid futhi kuvumela ukuthi izikhundla zokufaka amandla zisebenze ngokuphambili uma kusakelwe ukuthi kungabi kwi-grid uma kusakelwe ukuthi kungabi kwi-grid.