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Umphakamisi wezindawo zokusebenza esikhaleni esiphambili kwesifundazwe se-Asia emzantsi, sasifundwa ngokuzimisa isibonelo sesithuthi sezindawo zokusebenza esinomkhulu woku-1,250 kVA ukuze sisebenzise isikhumbuzi sokuphakamisa amakhaya okukhanya, kodwa indawo eyenziwe yokuqala yayisikhombisa esine-12 square meters — okungumthwalo wokuphakama kwezindawo zokufaka izihlathi. Isibonelo esingaphansi kwesikhumbuzi sokuphakamisa esinomkhulu woku-40 square meters futhi kusafuneka ukufaka izinkambo zokubuka. Isiphumo sawe yasibonelo sesithuthi esisenzelwe ngaphambi kokufakwa, esifakwe ekhaya njengesibonelo esisodwa esisodwa ngokugcina isithuthi, isikhumbuzi sokuphakamisa, isikhumbuzi sokuphakamisa kwezindawo zokuphakamisa, nokuphakamisa kwezindawo zokuphakamisa zonke zizenzelwe ngaphambi kokufakwa.
Izinkinga zokuphakamisa nezinkinga zokufakwa
Ukuphakamisa kwezindawo zokuphakamisa nokuphakamisa kwezindawo zokuphakamisa
Isisubstation esincane, okwakhiwe ngokuvamile njengesibhalo se-ZBW noma isubstation esikhululekile, sifaka kusinye isibhalo sesikhundla sezibhalo zokuphatha izimitha eziningi, isithuthi sokuhambisa izimitha, kunye nesibhalo sesikhundla sezimitha ezingaphansi, konke oku kufakwe kusinye kwesibhalo esisemthwakathini. Isikhundla esingaphansi kusuka ku-6 ku-15 iziqu ezinomthwakathi, kuyisikhundla sokushoqwa kwezithuthi, ngakho kusuka ku-30 ku-60 iziqu ezinomthwakathi kwezibhalo zokushoqwa zokuzenzela isubstation. Kwezindawo eziphakeme kwezindawo zokuphatha izimitha apho iziqu zokusebenza ziyakhulula $3,000 ngomthwakathi, ngokushoqwa kwesiqu esinye kuyisibonelo sokukhulula ukuthenga kwesiqu. Isibhalo sikhululekile sikhululwe ngamathuba asekhanda esihlabeleka ngokungafanisi, nasezinkambo zokugcina amandla, nokunquma okungafanisi noma okunquma okuthiwe ngokuvamile, okuvumela ukuthabalwa kwezindawo zokuphatha izimitha, izindawo zokuphatha izimitha zezindlu zokuphatha izimitha, izindawo zokuphatha izimitha zezindlu zokuphatha izimitha, nezindawo eziningi ezinokuthi azikwazi ukuthabalwa yizibhalo zokuphatha izimitha zokuzenzela isubstation. Isibhalo sokuthabalwa kusinye sikhululekile ukuthi asikwazi ukuthabalwa kwezibhalo zokuphatha izimitha kunye nesithuthi, futhi ukuthabalwa kwesibhalo kusinye kufana nokuthabalwa kwesibhalo kusinye, okuvumela ukuthi izilayini zokuphatha izimitha, ukuthabalwa kwezilayini zokuphatha izimitha, kunye nokuthabalwa kwezilayini zokuphatha izimitha kufanekile kabefore isibhalo sithabale kusinye kwesibhalo sokuthabalwa.
Isikhathi Sokusetshenziswa Nokuncishiswa Kwezemisebenzi
Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi esivamile kulandela inqubo elandelanayo: imisebenzi yokwakha isisekelo nesakhiwo sesakhiwo, ukufakwa kwe-switchgear, ukulethwa kwe-transformer nokubeka indawo, ukwakhiwa kwe-busbar nokuxhuma endaweni, ukufakwa kohlelo lokuvikela, nokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kwezinsiza. Lolu hlelo ngokuvamile luthatha amasonto angu-12 kuya kwangu-20 kuye ngesimo sezulu nokutholakala komsebenzi. Isiteshi esincane esakhiwe ngaphambilini sicindezela lesi sikhathi ngokuhambisa ukuhlangana, izintambo nokuhlola endaweni ephethwe yizimboni. Umsebenzi osendaweni ukhawulelwe ekulungiseleleni isisekelo, ukubeka iyunithi nge-crane, ukuqeda ikhebula lezinsiza, nokuhlolwa kokuthumela ngokuvamile kuqedwa kungakapheli isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili. Ukunciphisa amahora okusebenza endaweni nakho kunciphisa ingozi yokuphepha ehlobene nokwakhiwa kukagesi ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni ezixineneyo lapho izakhiwo ezakheleneyo, ukuhamba kwabahamba ngezinyawo, nezinsiza zomphakathi ezingcwatshwe phansi kwenza izindlela zokwakha zendabuko zibe nzima.
Ukuphepha Nokwakhiwa Kwemvelo
Isikhungo esivaliwe sesiteshi esincane sokuphehla ugesi sinikeza izinzuzo zokuphepha ezivamile zokusetshenziswa emadolobheni. Umshini wokuguqula izinto uvaliwe ngokuphelele, okuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ezingxenyeni ezivuselela amandla kagesi aphansi. Ama-ring main units ane-SF6 agqunywe ngamakhemikhali asetshenziswa kumiklamo eminingi yama-substation amancane avalelwe impilo yonke, angadingi ukuphatha igesi ngesikhathi sokufakwa futhi aqede ingozi yokuwohloka kokufakwa ngamakhemikhali ngenxa yokungena komswakama inkinga evamile ezitsheni ezivamile ezingaphansi komhlaba noma ezise Ukucwiliswa komsindo ngamapaneli okuvalela kanye nokufakwa kwe-transformer evala ukudlidliza kunciphisa umsindo wokusebenza ube sezingeni elamukelekayo lokufakwa eduze kwezakhiwo zokuhlala. Ama-transformer agcwele uwoyela ahlanganisa izisekelo ezihlanganisiwe eziqukethe inani eliphelele lamafutha uma kwenzeka kuvuza, okuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Uyini umthamo ovamile wesiteshi esincane sokuphehla ugesi?
Iziteshi ezincane ezihlanganisiwe ngokuvamile zisukela ku-100 kVA kuya ku-2 500 kVA, kanti izilinganiso ezivame kakhulu zokuhambisa zasemadolobheni ziphakathi kuka-630 kVA no-1 250 kVA. Amandla amakhulu angatholakala ngokusebenzisa amayunithi afanayo noma imiklamo yezikhala ezenzelwe izidingo ezithile zomsebenzi.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufaka isiteshi esincane esakhiwe ngaphambilini?
Ukufakwa endaweni ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa zokusebenza: usuku olulodwa lokulungiselela isisekelo nokuqina, usuku olulodwa lokulethwa kweyunithi nokubekwa kwe-crane, nezinsuku ezi-1 kuya kwezi-3 zokuqedwa kwekhebula nokuhlolwa kokuthumela. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa namasonto angu-12 kuya kwangu-20 ekwakhiweni kwesiteshi esivamile.
Yimaphi amathuluzi kagesi aphansi ahlanganiswe esiteshini esincane?
Izinkokhelo ezisemthethweni zihlanganisa i-ring main unit ephindwe ngaphandle kwe-SF6 ene-loa break switches nezinkampani zokulawula ukungena kwe-transformer, i-distribution transformer yase-10 kV noma yase-20 kV, futhi i-low voltage distribution panel ene-molded case circuit breakers bakhelwa kuma-outgoing feeders. Izinkampani zokubhalisa zingakhanyelwe ukusetyenziswa kwe-utility revenue metering.
Izinkokhelo ezincane zingahambisana nokufakwa phansi kwamanzi?
Izinkampani zihlanganisa i-thermal insulation, izinkampani zokubhala ngaphandle okuzimela i-solar radiation, futhi izinkampani zokuvula zihlanganisa i-ambient temperatures from -25°C to +45°C. Izingxenye zezinhlobo zezintandabuzo zihlanganisa i-corrosion protection eyengeziwe, i-condensation management, futhi i-cooling eyengeziwe kumazikhathi okuphezulu kwe-humidity.
Ukufinyelela kokulawula kuhambisana njani nezinkokhelo eziphathelene ngezinye?
Zonke izindawo ziyafihla ngamadlozi atholakala kuzo kwezindawo zokufihla kwe-enclosure — akukho indawo yokufihla ngaphakathi iyadingeka. Izindawo zokufaka i-transformer nezindawo zokufaka i-switchgear zinamandla okusebenza okufanele ukubona kahle, ukubuyisela amafyuzi, nokuphakanyiswa. Ukubuyisela amaphakhe amakhulu kungadingeka ukuthola i-crane ukuze ibuyisеле i-transformer ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka sesikhumba sokufihla kwe-enclosure.
Izistandadi ziziphi eziphatha ukwakha nokuphakanyiswa kwe-compact substation?
IEC 62271-202 ikhuluma ngezindawo zokufihla ezifakiwe ngaphambi kokusebenza kwezivinini ezihlukene kusuka ku-1 kV kuya ku-52 kV, ekhuluma ngokwakha, ukwakha, ukuphakanyiswa kwezithando, nokuphakanyiswa kwezindawo zokusebenza. Izistandadi zaseNingizimu Afrika njenge-GB/T 17467 zinamandla okusebenza okuhambisana nezindawo zokufihla, ukuvula, nokuphatha izindawo zokuphatha.