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Alƙalami na Haraji a cikin Tsarin na Transformer
Wani watt na loss na elektriko ya zama haraji. Wani transformer mai zazzali na 500 kVA wanda yana da efficiency na 98.5 percent yana bada 7,500 watts kuma a lokacin da ke fitowa — wanda yana dace da uku na space heater na gida a cikin tank. Bayan tashin daidai, harajin a cikin yana ci gaba da 10°C a kowane 15 minutes don haka haraji na winding insulation zai kuzo. Zazzalin ba ta zama kuma insulation na elektriko — amma ta zama babban wasila na tashin haraji, da kuma kudin tashin harajin ta ya kuma yadda ake baiwa da load na farko.
Yaya Zaki Ya Tsanani Wato Ba Taree da Pump Ba
Kuma kuma mai tsanani na zaki ya ke taka amfani da convection na yadda ake samu shi — zaki mai gaba daya ya zama ƙarami kuma ya cire. Kuma kuma na windings ta zama mai gaba daya ga zaki na gaba daya, wanda ya cire zuwa gaba daya na tank. Yadda ake samu kuma kuma daga tank mai gaba daya ya bayyana kuma kuma zuwa gaba daya. Zaki mai gaba daya da karami ya cire a kan kwalla kuma ya daina zuwa baya na windings. Wannan tsanani na thermosiphon ta aiki wato ba taree da pump na mechanical ba.
Girma na yadda zaki na gaba daya da baya na transformer mai zaki da aka yi amfani da shi daidai shine 10°C zuwa 20°C a yadda ake samu shi da load. Girma ta ƙasa da 5°C ta nuna cewa load shine ƙarami. Idan ta fi 25°C a yadda ake samu shi da load mai zuwa gaba daya, wannan ta nuna cewa tsanani shine maburin — wasu dabbobi suka nuna cewa sludge ta kushe ducts na kuma kuma ko zaki mai gaba daya da karami ya zama mai gaba daya.
Takwasin Tank da Radiator
Tangki ita ce kuma yadda ake sauyawa ga ƙarfi. Kwallon da ke ƙara ba suka dace don transformer na bayani don gaba daya daga 100 kVA. A wani lokaci da suka fi, fini na sauya ƙarfi ko radiator suna zama daidai don kari kuma yadda ake sauyawa ga ƙarfi. Kwallon da suka dace suka taka kari kuma yadda ake sauyawa ga ƙarfi da 40 zuwa 70 percent kafin kwallon da suka dace da kari kuma yadda ake sauyawa ga ƙarfi da kwallon da suka dace.
Don transformer mai ƙarfi da ke cikin zafi da suka fi daga 1,000 kVA, bankin radiator na gaba suka haɗa ta hanyar header na gaba da kasa. Zafi ya shiga a gaban, ya zuwa a cikin panel na fini domin sauya ƙarfi zuwa sama, kuma ya baya a kasan. Fan na radiator don forced-air cooling suna taka kari kuma yadda ake sauyawa ga ƙarfi da 30 zuwa 50 percent — transformer na 1,500 kVA da ke sauyawa a matsayin saratu zai iya samun 2,000 kVA ta hanyar forced-air.
Kudin Uku da Kari na Insulation
Uku na Winding Hot-Spot
Yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa shine a cikin kofa — yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa — ta hanyar 5°C zuwa 15°C ga yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa na zaki. IEEE C57.91 ya bayyana yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa ta ƙarƙashin 110°C don kofa na cellulose mai amfani da ƙarƙashin yin kofa na 65°C. Bayani na Arrhenius ya saba yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa — kofa ta gudanawa ta daga ƙarƙashin yin kofa ta ƙarƙashin 6°C zuwa 8°C. Transformer da yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa ta ƙarƙashin 20 zuwa 30 shekara; 8°C ga yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa ta ƙarƙashin ya raba shi. Kofa na transformer da yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa ta ƙarƙashin ta gudanawa yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa a cikin yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa ta ƙarƙashin.
Wata Kashe Na Amfani: Raba Karamin Substation
Substation na utility na Middle Eastern ta amfani da uku transformer na 20 MVA da yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa ta ƙarƙashin da yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa ta 82°C zuwa 88°C a lokacin tsohon shekara — ta tsaya a cikin yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa ta 95°C. Yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa ta ƙarƙashin ta ƙarƙashin 45°C. Substation ta ƙarƙashin ta ƙarƙashin 85 percent na nameplate rating a lokacin tsohon shekara don gano yanki ƙarƙashin yin kofa.
Tasirin analisis ya gano cibiyar dusta da kwayoyin sanda a kan kwayoyin radiator na bayanai, wanda ya sa kuma yin ƙarfi na kuma ta hanyar 25 percent. Radiators suna gudan, kuma Hongxin Intelligent Technology ta sanya fans na forced-air cooling mai mahallin da aka saita don kwayoyin radiator. Bayan gudan da saitin fan, yadda uku na oil sun yi 74°C zuwa 78°C. Kankara na 85 percent a musimi na rani ta kashe, wanda ya sa kuma yin 15 percent na karama.
Sakamako don Kuma Ta Hanyar
Tsarin Tsari na Oil
Oil na transformer ya zama mai fuskanci ta hanyar oxidation, wanda ya zama sludge wanda ya taka a kan kwayoyin dukkanin da ke cikin, kuma ya sa kuma yin tsarin. Analisis na gas mai jin kuma a shekara ta hanyar ta nuna kishin da suka faru, kuma ta ba data na viscosity da dielectric breakdown. Oil wanda viscosity ya fi shawara na farko ta 15 percent ya kamata an gudan ko an saita don tabbatar da tsarin da ke cikin.
Sakamako na Kuma Ta Hanyar na Bayanai
Ku ya shika kwayoyin radiator da kwallon kwallon su ta amma a lokacin da aka daga dust, kuma ta biyu a lokacin da aka daga sand. Kwallon dust da yawa 1-millimeter ya zama 10 zuwa 20 percent yanzu ya gudumawa a tsari na hanyar heat transfer. Ku ya tsabta fans na radiator don karya da vibration — idan akwai wani fan da ya kashe a cikin array na mafiya da fans, ya zama 40 percent yanzu ya gudumawa a tsari na hanyar cooling na sector.
Masu Sabon Gaskiya
Shin transformer da ke cikin oil ya kuma yadda ya tsara nafsin sa ba tare da pump?
Tsarin thermosiphon na natural ya yi tsarin oil ta hanyar farko na density — oil da aka sanya ya taka ta windings, ya tsara heat a kwallon tank, ya kuma ya taka ta fuskanci, kuma ya taka ta fuskanci. Wannan tsarin da ba suke amfani da mechanical components ba ya shiga a lokacin da ke amfani da su.
Yaya yana da karama na safe operating temperature na transformer da ke cikin oil?
IEEE C57.91 ya bayyana maximum winding hot-spot na 110°C don standard cellulose insulation. Top oil temperature ya zama 5°C zuwa 15°C kuma ya taka ta fuskanci. Lokacin da ke amfani da su a lokacin da ke cikin limits ya zama 8°C kuma ya taka ta fuskanci a tsari na hanyar insulation life.
Shin kwayoyin radiator suka yada transformer ya tsara?
Fins suna ƙarƙashin kwayoyin tanki don furoin yadda ake samun hanyar ƙarƙashin ƙwayoyin 40 zuwa 70 percent. Bankin radiator na gaba da fansin ƙarƙashin wani abu na sauran ƙarƙashin 30 zuwa 50 percent. Hongxin Intelligent Technology ta sanya abubuwan ƙarƙashin system na transformer na oil immersed.
Wane abu ne ya zama sabonin yadda transformer na oil immersed ya ƙara yadda?
Karamin load, karamin ƙarƙashin oil daga sludge, dust a kan kwayoyin ƙarƙashin, da fansin radiator sun kashe ne suka zama sabonin yadda. Yadda na gaba mai ƙarƙashin 40°C suna ƙarƙashin wannan abu.
Mene ne shi zai yi transfarmer oil testing?
Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) a cikin shekara. Viscosity da dielectric testing suna taka DGA sample. Transformers na hot-climate wanda suka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙarƙashin ƙwayoyin suna dace da semi-annual testing.
Yi yadda na gaba ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin load capacity na transformer?
Karamar kuma yana zano idan ƙarfi na gaba ta ƙarƙashin ƙarfi na sauyi — ta amfani da 30°C zuwa 40°C. Wani daraja kadan a cikin ƙarfi na gaba yana buƙatar zano na karamar kuma na karamar kuma don hana ƙarfi na hot-spot sama. Al’ummar da suka yi amfani da karamar kuma a wadanda ƙarfi na gaba suna ƙarƙashin karamar kuma a wadanda ƙarfi na gaba don hana ƙarfi na karamar kuma.