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Determine Ukubala Kwakho Kwe-Electricity Kablombe Ukukhetha Isikhombisa Sokucharga
Isikhombisa Sokucharga se-Level 1 vs. Isikhombisa Sokucharga se-Level 2: Okuncane Okufanele Kuvuleke Amasiko E-Electric System
Kodwa kuzofakwa isikhombisa sokucharga se-Level 2, abasebenzi basekhombisa sokucharga kufanele bafunde ubukhulu bakho bokucharga emaphaneleni akho we-electricity. Isikhombisa sokucharga se-Level 2 sithatha ama-30–80A. Isikhombisa sokucharga se-Level 2 esebenzisa ubukhulu be-100–200A baphaneli bakho bokucharga kuyizigaba zokuphikisa ubukhulu obupheleleyo baphaneli bakho bokucharga kusukela kwezinsuku eziningi. Izinqubo eziphambili zokubhekana nalo ziyizinto zilandelayo:
1. Ukugcina kwe-120/240V noma kwe-240V: Izihluzi zesikhathi sesibili (Level 2) kufanele zifakwe emaphaneleni okugcina kwe-240V eziyisibini. Izihluzi zesikhathi sesibili (Level 2) eziyisinye kwe-120V azinakwenzeka ngokuphelele.
2. Isihluzi sesikhathi sesibili (Level 2) esinamandla amashumi amabili namashanu (125A) nesihluzi sokugcina se-40 A: isihluzi sesikhathi sesibili (Level 2) sishaya amandla amashumi amabili namashanu (25 A) kuphela kumaphaneli we-125A noma kuyisikhathi esisodwa kwe-100A, ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kungaba yikuphela kwe-80%.
3. Amakhapasite wezinhlobo zemaphaneli ze-120V: izihluzi zesikhathi sesibili (Level 2) azinakusukelwa kumaphaneli we-240V, futhi kufanele kwenziwe indlela entsha yokuhlanganisa izinkampani ukuze kutholwe i-240V.
Ukunciphisa isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isitha kumaphaneli noma kuzoba kusha kwezihluzi zesikhathi sesibili (Level 2) kuyisivumelwano esingasiza kakhulu.
Ukungathola isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe isivumelwano sokuthi k......
Ukuzimisa Amadoda Amanye: Ukubambisana Nezinkampani Zokusebenza, Izindlela Zokuthenga, Nokukhetha Umkhakha Wokuphatha Kwezihluzi Eziningi
Ukufaka kwezinkampani zokusebenzisa izikhala zokucharga zama-EV zihlala isibonelo sokubuka kusasa kwemithombo yezinsizakalo zasekhaya ngaphezulu kokubuka kuphela kwezinsizakalo zokuxhumana futhi kuyafunda izinkinga zokugcina ukuthi umkhosi wokusebenza kwe-grid uyabuyela emuva. Ukufaka kwezinkampani eziningi zezikhala zokucharga zama-DC fast ziyakwenzela ukuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwe-400-800 kVA. Lokhu kuzobhekwa kahle kungaphansi kokuphakeme kwezinsizakalo zasekhaya nokuphakeme kwezinsizakalo zase-station. Izinkinga eziphambili zokubhalwa kuzo ziyangena ku-:
Ukubhalwa kwezinsizakalo nezitranzifomha: Sebenzisa isimo se-IEEE 141 (iRed Book), bhalisa ukuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga kakhulu futhi uzimele ukuthi ukuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga kakhulu kungaphansi kokuphakeme kwe-5% ekhaya lokugcina lwezikhala zokucharga.
Ukucimisa ukuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga: Ukuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga kungaba kwe-30-70% yebhili yezinsizakalo. Ukusebenzisa izibhaffe zama-battery noma ukusebenzisa ukuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuzofakwa kwezikhala zokucharga ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ukuthi......
Ukugcina ukuthu kwezinsiza zokuhambisa: Kumaqhaza okukhuluma noma kumaqhaza okwesifundazwe, yenza amaphaneli amakhulu ukuthi abe nesikhundla sokufaka 150% yokufaka kwakho kwezinsiza zokuchaja EV. Lokhu kufaka kubona ukudala kwezinsiza zokuchaja futhi kubona ukuthi kuzofakwa izinsiza zokuchaja zezinye izinhlobo, eziningi kakhulu ukuthi zibe nesikhundla sokuchaja ngokuphelele.
Ukuthuthukisa izimithi zokusebenza ngokuthi ubhekise isibonelo sokufaka nokubhalisa isibonelo sokuthi sibekwe kusenzo kusobala ukuthi kubhekiswe kungapansi kwe-6-12 izinyanga. Lokhu kususa izinguquko ezingavamile kwezinhlobo zokusebenza kumaphuzu amaningi.
Ukugcina Ukusebenzisa Okwesibonelo Sokusebenzisa Kwempilo
Izinsiza Zokuchaja Kwesifundazwe Eziliveli 2: Ukuchaja Okuphelele Ngokushesha Nokunzima Okuncane Kwizinsiza Zokuchaja Kwesifundazwe Ngomso.
Ku-240V, izipile zokufaka amandla e-Level 2 zidonga isikhundla esingaphansi kwe-10–60 miles ngamuhla, okuyisibonelo sokufaka amandla emuva kwesikhathi sokuhlala emkhakheni. Uma sithathu isikhundla sesihlanu sokubhala ngamuhla esingaphansi kwe-40 miles, abaNemizini bangezela izihlangu zabo emkhakheni futhi bafake amandla ngamahora angu-4 ukuze bafikele isikhundla esifanayo. Ukufaka amandla e-Level 2 kungabikho ukuthengisa izinkampani zokufaka amandla emuva kwesikhathi sokuhlala, okukhula ngu-$500 ku-$2,000, ngakolunye uhlangothi okuphakeme kune-$15,000 okuthengisa istesheni yokuqala yokufaka amandla ngokushesha (DC fast charging station). Ukufaka amandla e-Level 2 yisakhono esihle kakhulu sokuthengisa ngokugcina isikhundla (TCO) kubabili bokuhlala emkhakheni, futhi lapho libambiswe nesikhundla sokuthengisa umthwalo wamandla (noma isikhundla sokuthengisa umthwalo) esingaphansi kwe-$0.15 ku-$0.25 ngakilowatt hour, ukufaka amandla e-Level 2 yisakhono esisheshayo, esihlakaniphe, futhi esinamandla okuthengisa.
Umbono wokuthengisa ngokubhekana nesikhathi sokuhlala, isivinini sezindawo zokufaka amandla emaphakathi, nokuvumela ukuthengisa kuzindawo zokufaka amandla emaphakathi
Amathuluzi we-DC Fast Charging ayavumela ukuthi kubhekwe 60–100 miles (ngamaphuzu e-20 okuchazwa). Amaphuzu e-20 okuchazwa ayingana nezikhathi zokuhlala kwezindawo zezibuyelo, izindlu zokudla, nokuhlala kwemvilophu yezindawo zokuhlala. Ukuthengiswa kuyisibonelo sokuthi kuyaphakanyiswa ngokuphakanyiswa kokuthengiswa kwezindawo. Izindawo ezinamaphuzu amashumi amabili nangaphezulu okuchazwa ngosuku ungasiza ku-$15,000–$30,000 ngonyaka ngamathuluzi wokuthengiswa (i.e. $0.40+ ngakwekhiwathi). Ukuze kubhekwe lezi zindlela zokuthengiswa:
- Amaphuzu okuchazwa kufanele kuhambisane nezikhathi zokugcina kwezinkundla (ukuthenga, ukudla, ukuthatha isibonelo) kwezindawo. Ukubhekana kuyizikhathi zama-20–45.
- Yenza ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthengiswa ngokuthola ukuthengiswa okuphelele kwezinkundla zomkhosi we-EV ngosuku, okungaba ngaphezulu kuka-50; izindawo ezengezi kuthola ukuthengiswa kungabhekani nokuthengiswa okungafanele kwezindawo zokuthengiswa.
- Beka ukuthengiswa okunye. Amaphayile ekhombisa ukuthi izindawo ezenza ukuchaza kuzoba nezindlela zokuthengiswa ziyakhula ngama-20–35% ngokuthengiswa kwezindawo, abantu abachaza ngazo baya kuthenga ngokulingana nabanye abangachazi.
Ukuthenga kwe-demand kungadoda >$10,000 ngomnyaka, kodwa, noma kunqamuka ngokuphathelene nokufakwa kahle emaphakathini amaningi okusebenza kwezinyawo zokuzila, njll. — isikrithi sekhasi sezwe sika-30C sibhala 30% yezindlela ezenzekayo, ngakho-ke ukubuyisana kwesikhundla (ROI) nokuthanda kwezinye izinhlangano ziyasuswa.
Ukuthengiswa Kwesikhundla Sokucharga: Umsebenzi wobunyazi, Amathikiti, Ukuguqula Kwe-panel, nokuthola izinkundla
Isikhundla sokucharga sibizwa ngokukhulu kunezindlela ezibonakalayo. I-National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ibonisa ukuthi izindlela zokugcina (ukuthikita, ukwenza imithambo, ukubheka, ukuxhumeka kwe-utility) ziyagcina ama-30–50% yebudhgeti yeprojekthi yezindlu, futhi ama-60% noma kangakanani yeprojekthi yezindawo zokusebenza. Ezinye izindlela ezingafihliki ziyi:
Umsebenzi wobunyazi obuvumelwe (ngokuvamile ama-2–3 amasonto ngendawo yezindlu futhi ama-1–2 amazwela ngendawo yokuqala kokucharga ngokushesha)
Ukucutshwa kwemvulamlomo, ukuthatha izilwane, nokuthatha iziqu zokuchatha emaphakathini amaningi
Ukuguqula noma ukunqamuka kwe-panel noma kwezinhlobo zokusebenza ngokungafanele kwezinhlobo zokusebenza zokubhala
Izindlela zokuthenga kwe-demand zokuphambili nezinye izindlela zokuhambisana nesikhundla
Izinkundla zaseFederale (30C), izinkundla zemithambo, kanye nezinkundla zezindlela zokusebenza zinokubuyisa 30-50% yezindleko uma zibuyiselwa ngokuphelele. Kufanele sizilungise izinkundla ngokuchaza ukuthi kuzoba yini ukubuyiselwa ngokusebenzisa izindleko zokugcina kwisikhathi esifanayo, kungoko kuphela izindleko zezinto ezizwele. Khanya abaphathi bezinkundla kuqala futhi kumaphasi amaningi weprojekthi ukuze ubuyiselo lwesikhathi, ukudokumenta, nokuhambisana nesikhathi sokuqinisa ukubuyiselwa.
Isikhombisi Sokuqala
Kungani kubalulekile ukubheka isikhundla sesikhali phambi kokufaka isikhundla sokucharga?
Ukubheka isikhundla sesikhali sibheka isigaba sokuvikela kanye nokuhambanana komkhakha. Kusinokuvikela izinkinga ezingasivikeli kakhulu njenge-‘panel overload’ ngokungafanele kwezikhundla ezingasivikeli kakhulu futhi ziyabulawa izibulawo kanye nokwenzela ukuthi kubhaleke umlilo.
Yini imithambo yezikhundla zesikhali eziyisifanayo esiyisifanayo sokucharga emuva kwezindlu?
Ukukhala kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwakubhalwa ngokuthi kuyi-100-200A yezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezindawo zokuhlala. Kepha, i-Level 2 charger yisibhakabhaka esine-240V esinezindlela ezimbili futhi yisibhakabhaka esisodwa. Ukuchaza kuyakuvumela ukuthi isibhakabhaka akasizwa ngokuphelele xa sisebenzisa ngokuphelele.
Izinyathelo ziphi ezenziwa ngamaphoyisa okusebenza kwezindawo zokufaka amandla?
Amaphoyisa okusebenza kwezindawo zokufaka amandla abuyisa izigaba zokuxhumana nezinkulungwane zokusebenza ukuze ubumbano bakhangeleke. Basebenzisa i-IEEE 141 ukubhala izimali yokuphakama futhi ukubhala izinsiza zokufaka amandla nezinsiza zokuhambisana ngokuphelele. Izindlela zokugcina ukuthi kuzoshozwa amandla ziyabhalwa futhi ukuthuthukisa okuphelele kubhalwa ngokuphelele.
Izimali ziphi eziphatha ngokuthi kuzofakwa amandla?
Izindleko zihlanganisa inani lokuthenga kwe-pile, izinkampani, nokusebenza kwemithambo yezilwanyana. Izindleko zokuvumela nezokuhlola ziyasebenza futhi. Izingxenye zezindleko zihlanganisa ukunqoba kwezilwanyana zokuphatha izilwanyana. Izingxenye zezindleko zinokulungiswa ngokusebenzisa ngokwanele izinkampani zezindleko zaseNingizimu Afrika, eNingizimu Afrika, nasezilwanyaneni ngokuhambisana. Izindleko ezincane zihlanganisa isiqhelo esikhulu sesibhakabhaka sezindleko.
Ngendlela ephakeme njani izindleko zokufuturisela zinokubika izinqumo?
Izindleko zokufuturisela zihlanganisa izindleko zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufuturisela zokufutur......