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Daga Oil Tanks zuwa Vacuum Chambers: Yadda Technology Ya Yi Gudunmawa a Power Distribution
Ku taka wani substation na medium-voltage wanda aka saita ta hanyar sabuwar, kuma switchgear lineup ya sa ya zama abin da ke koma a matsayin matsayin kudin kasa na fari technology. Wannan yin amfani da ita a kowace jihohi ya zama abin da ke koma a matsayin kamar yadda suka yi a kowace utility, factory na industriya, data centers, da buildings na commercial ba suka yi abin da ke koma a matsayin kamar yadda suka yi. Vacuum interrupter ta soke wani set na problems wanda suka gaskiya su a kowace technology na farko — oil, air-magnetic, da SF6 gas breakers — kuma ta sanya wani set na advantages wanda suka haɗa cikin al’ada na gida na yadda suka yi environmental compliance, operational safety, da reduction na maintenance.
Yadda ya faru da aka kawo a cikin shekara ta 1980, inda tsari na vacuum interrupter ya dace da kuma farko na yadda na oil breakers ya gaba da karami. Yanzu, a matsayin kudin kasa na fari yana da karamin da ke da karamin SF6 unit din da ke da amfanin sama, yana ba da jarrabu mai yawa da yawa daga 20 shekara ba tare da karamin yawa, kuma ba ta nemo wani abu ne da ke baiwa alama na gaskiya ko alama na al'ada na teknolujin na farko.
Alama na Gaskiya da Alama na Al'ada na Kira Aminci
Bakarun Bayanin Gas na Gaskiya Ba Ta Daga SF6
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) shi ne gasin gaskiya na gaskiya wanda ya samu, da karamin yawan gaskiya na 23,500 kuma da zamanin gaskiya na 3,200 shekara. Idan SF6 breakers suna kan da suka kawo don zama mafuta, kuma karamin yawan gaskiya na karamin yawa suna da karamin yawa — alama na al'ada na al'ada suna nuna cewa karamin yawan gaskiya na karamin yawa na 0.1% zuwa 1% na karamin yawa na karamin yawa. A cikin F-Gas Regulation na European Union da kuma al'adu na Japan da Australia, karamin yawan gaskiya na SF6 a cikin medium-voltage switchgear na karamin yawa suna da karamin yawa.
A cikin matsayin kudin kasa na fari yana cire wannan masala ta hankali. Alamar yin amfani yana da wasu kishin na metal wanda aka saba wa karamikai ko shiisha mai tsawo wadda aka gudanƙa su. Ba a nemo gas ba, ba a nemo gas da za a saba shi ba, ba a nemo gas da za a rufe shi a farko na tsoho ba. Don ƙwarai wanda suka yi amfani da al'adu na kariya na gida ko wanda suka yi amfani a yankin da ke da kariya mai ƙarfi na bayani na gasin da suka dacewa, ina zama da vacuum don SF6 yana sauya amfani da shari'a kuma yana gudanƙa kariya na halin da suka dacewa.
Aminci na amfani: Ba a nemo oil, ba a nemo yawan kariya na kuzo
Alamar yin amfani na oil ya nuna yawan kariya na kuzo: kuzo na short-circuit yana iya rarraba oil zuwa gasin da suka dacewa, kuma kuzo na rarraba gasin da suka dacewa yana iya rufe tank. Kuma amfani na yawa yayi amfani da rarraba kuma amfani da karami na karamin oil — wanda ke nuna yawan kariya na kuzo kuma yana nuna kariya na halin da suka dacewa. Wannan matsayin kudin kasa na fari ba a nemo abubu da ke zama kuzo a cikin alamar yin amfani, wanda ya gudanƙa kariya na kuzo na substation.
Koƙa na ƙarfi na kofin gaba ce ya zama baya. A cikin kofin gaba na vakuum, koƙa yana da aiki a cikin kofin da aka sako. Koƙa na kofin gaba na dukkanin kofin da aka sako zai iya fuskanta a rukunin busbar ko a wani kofin da aka sako, amma kofin gaba itse ba ta nemo kofin gaba na koƙa a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi daidai ba. Wannan yana da muhimmanci a kofin gaba na metal da aka sako, inda kofin gaba na dukkanin kofin da aka sako (IAC) a matsayin IEC 62271-200 ta bayyana darajar sauyin mutane.
Sakamakon Kudin Kudin a Yammacin Afrika
Kenya Power, a matsayin wani hissar da kudin kudin na Last Mile Connectivity Project, ta bukata yin sauyin kofin gaba na 11 kV da suka kashe kofin gaba na farko da suka taimaka wajen kudin kudin na al'adu na gida. Kofin gaba na yanzu ta amfani da kofin gaba na oil da suka faru a shekaru na 1970 da 1980, wanda suka fi kofin gaba na zaman su da suka nemo masu kudin kudin a lokacin da suka taimaka wajen kudin kudin na al'adu na gida inda ingresa na ruwa ta nemo kudin kudin na oil.
Kudin kudin ta rubuta matsayin kudin kasa na fari kullum kuma na ring main don tabbatar da shugaban. Wadannan kuma, wanda suka taimaka da Hongxin Intelligent Technology na karamin duniya, suka tsayi a 11 kV na karamin gida na yanki wanda suka taimaka da 2,000 zuwa 5,000 mutum kowace. Bayani na muhimmi: bayan 24 watan kafa a cikin 40 karamin gida, karamin kafin kafin ya rage 62% a matsayin kafin kafin na oil breaker. Babban abu da ya taimaka shine karewa na kafin kafin na saboda ruwa — karamin kafin kafin na vacuum ba ta fasa da ruwa, amma oil ta fasa da karamin kafin kafin sai dai kada ruwa ta zama 35 ppm.
Karamin Karamin Aiki Na Karamin Karamin
Ƙididdigar jimlar kuɗin mallaka don matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki yana nuna dalilin da yasa fasahar vacuum ta mamaye. Mai yankewa mai yana buƙatar ɗaukar samfurin mai da gwajin dielectric kowane shekaru 2 zuwa 3, dubawa na tuntuɓar kowane shekaru 5, da maye gurbin mai kowane shekaru 10 kowane taron da ke buƙatar katsewa. Mai yankewa na SF6 yana buƙatar saka idanu kan matsin lamba na gas da kuma gwajin ingancin gas na lokaci-lokaci. A matsayin kudin kasa na fari duka biyu za a iya cimma a lokacin da na yau da kullum substation ziyara ba tare da shan da kewaye daga sabis.
A tsawon rayuwar shekaru 30, jimlar lokutan kiyayewa don shigarwar mai lalata iska yawanci ya kai 40% zuwa 60% ƙasa da mai daidaitaccen mai lalata mai da 20% zuwa 30% ƙasa da SF6. Lokacin da aka yi la'akari da farashin ma'aikata, kudaden da aka kashe, da kuma kudaden da aka kashe a cikin muhalli, amfani da farashin rayuwa ya zama mahimmanci.
Masu Sabon Gaskiya
Me ya sa aka fi son injin wanka fiye da SF6 don kayan aiki na cikin gida?
Ko’omunen da suka dawo a tsaki (vacuum interrupters) ba su kuma kuma wani abu mai sauri (arc byproducts), suna bukata wani abu mai sauri (gas handling equipment), kuma su taimaka wajen gudunawa na yadda gas ya ci gaba (gas leakage monitoring systems). Don ƙarshen da suka dawo a cikin gida, wadanda abubuwan da suka dawo a tsaki (toxic arc decomposition products) ba su daga cikin gida — suka dawo a tsaki (SF6 arcs) su kuma abubuwan da suka dawo a tsaki (acidic byproducts) wadanda ke kara hydrogen fluoride — su taimaka wajen gudunawa na yadda mazanin gida (substation ventilation requirements) kuma su taimaka wajen rarrabbarin mataimakin da suka dawo a tsaki (firefighter safety) idan aka faru taushin gida. Kullum suka dawo a tsaki (Hongxin Intelligent Technology switchgear installations) su kama da wannan hukumarin da suka dawo a tsaki (indoor safety design principles).
Shin ko’omunen da suka dawo a tsaki (vacuum circuit breakers) zasu iya gudunawa a yadda mai ƙarfi (higher frequencies) don SF6?
Ee. Ko’omunen da suka dawo a tsaki (vacuum interrupters) suna da yadda mai ƙarfi (arc energy) mai ƙarfi a lokacin gudunawa saboda abin da suka dawo a tsaki (arc) ya dawo a yadda mai ƙarfi (fewer half-cycles). Wannan yana nufin cewa yadda mai ƙarfi (contact heating) ya kashe a lokacin gudunawa taushe, kuma yadda mai ƙarfi (contact life) ya ƙarke a al’amuran da suka dawo a tsaki (applications) kamar ko’omunen da suka dawo a tsaki (arc furnace transformers) inda gudunawa zai faru ne a cikin yadda mai ƙarfi (hundreds of times daily).
Wane yadda mai ƙarfi (voltage range) ko’omunen da suka dawo a tsaki (vacuum circuit breakers) su kama da shi?
Kuma na vacuum wanda ke da aminci na karama ya yi amfani da 3.6 kV zuwa 40.5 kV a matsayin mamu. A cikin yadda za a iya amfani da su a yadda mafi girma, kuma suka samu 84 kV ta hanyar yiwuwa biyu na vacuum a cikin karama daya, kuma kuma na vacuum na 145 kV wanda ke da karama daya ana sao kuma a cikin al'adu masu fahimta, amma SF6 yana takaici a yadda mafi girma na karama na transmission wanda ke 72.5 kV.
Yaya an gudanen kuma na vacuum don tabbatar da rashin kuskure?
Gudanen tsari a IEC 62271-100 yana kuma da rashin kuskure na mekaniki (10,000 yiwuwa don Class M2), karama na yin karama a yadda mafi girma, gudanen karama na yin karama da karama na yin karama a yadda mafi girma, gudanen karama na yin karama da karama na yin karama, da gudanen karama na yin karama. Gudanen tsari na yiwuwa na yiwuwa yana kuma da karama na yin karama a cikin karama daya, yin karama na rashin kuskure na karama, da tabbatar da yin karama na mekaniki.
Kuma na vacuum suka haifar da karama na yin karama?
Sunan su, kamar yadda suke canza ƙaramar kuma na gaba daya wanda ke cikin karamar kuma na transformer mai tsayi ba da shi kuma. Alama na karamar kuma — inda alama ta kashe a matsayin karamar kuma ta dace ba da karamar kuma ta fuskanci — zai iya haɗawa da karamar kuma na yanzu. Samun abu na CuCr na yanzu wanda ke cikin karamar kuma ta fuskanci (ta hanyar 3 A) kuma amfani da karamar kuma na yanzu a karamar kuma na transformer suna nufin yanzu.
Shin kamar yadda ake gudanen karamar kuma na vacuum circuit breaker a farko na yanzu?
Karamar kuma na vacuum ana kira shi da karamar kuma ba da karamar kuma — karamar kuma na ceramic kuma karamar kuma na copper-chromium ba su da abubuwa masu karamar kuma wanda ke bukata karamar kuma na yanzu. Karamar kuma na yanzu kuma karamar kuma na frame suna karamar kuma na yanzu wanda ke iya karamar kuma. Wannan yana kuma karamar kuma na SF6 wanda ke bukata karamar kuma na gas kuma karamar kuma na oil wanda ke bukata karamar kuma na yanzu, wanda ke nufin karamar kuma na vacuum na yanzu.