Izinqumo ezingenabandla zokubaluleka kwe-IoT Circuit Breaker esihle?

Ukujabulisa Ngokushesha Nokubala Imali

Izinketho ezihle zokuvalela kwemithombo yezinhlayiya ziyagcina ukuvalela okungafanele kuqiniso ukuthi kwenziwe ukubala imali ngokomlando. Ngokubheka ngokushesha kwezimitheli nezivolti ngamahora amashumi amabili, lezi zinhlayiya zibheka isigaba samandla wendawo yonke—kukhulula ukubala ngokuphambuka kwezinsuku, ukuthola izinkinga, nokwenza ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuthi kuzamele.

Ukubheka ngokushesha kwezimitheli nezivolti ukubala ngokuphambuka kwezinsuku

Izibreaka zokugcina umsebenzi zezinhlobo zama-IoT zihlanganisa iziphakamiso zemithambo yomfanekiso ngemikhumbu engaphezu kwe-1 kHz, bavumela ukubona ngokwemithambo yomfanekiso kwezinhlobo zokuphazimula, amaqhuba okuhamba kwemithambo, nokuguqula kokugcina umsebenzi. Le ndawo yokubona ngokwemithambo yomfanekiso iyasebenzisa imodeli yezobuchwepheshe ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zokusebenza ngokuzinzile kusukela kwezinhlobo zokuhlwa kahle—njengokuthi iqhuba lokugcina umsebenzi eliqhubeka lizoba yinkimbinkimbi yokugcina umsebenzi wemotolo yokuqala. Ukubuyisela izinto zokusebenza ngeminyaka yokuqala yokuqala—kungakho ukuphendula kwezinhlobo zokugcina umsebenzi ngokushesha—kunciphisa ukugcina umsebenzi ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zokuzinzile futhi kubiza isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinto zokusebenza. Ukulogwa kwezinye zokugcina umsebenzi kuvumela ukuthi kwenziwe iziphakamiso zokugcina umsebenzi ngalunye uhlu lwemithambo, kusiza ekuplaneni kwezinhlobo zokugcina umsebenzi futhi kunciphisa izinhlobo zokugcina umsebenzi ngokushesha.

Izibhodi zokuchaza imithambo yomfanekiso: Ukuphathwa kwe-kWh kanye nezinhlobo zokugcina umsebenzi

Imbonakalo yezindaba zokusebenzisa imvelo kusuka kwe-cloud ebonisa ukusebenzisa ngalokuphakeme, ngendlela yokubeka izindawo, noma ngamaphethini. Abafundi bokugcina indawo besebenzisa lezi zixhobo ukuthola amaxesha okukhula kakhulu kokusebenzisa, ukulinganisa ukusebenzisa kwempela nokusebenzisa kwe-base line, futhi ukuthola izinkinga zokusebenzisa—njengoko kusebenzisa kusasa kwezinto ezingenabizo. Ukuguqula izinqumo ezinokuguqulwa ekuseni esingaphakemayo kuzokwakha ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenzisa, okunqamuka kusukela ku-30–60% yezindleko zokusebenzisa imvelo yezindawo zokusebenza. Imbonakalo ethu kufaka nakho izilumkiso zokuzenzakalela (isibonelo, “I-circuit 5 isiphakeme kune-80% yokuqondana ngemizuzu eyishumi”) nokuchaza izindlela zokusebenzisa ngaphansi kwezinsuku zokugcina ukuthola izindleko zokusebenzisa futhi ukuthuthukisa ngokuphakeme.

Ukuqondisa okuphatha ngokwesikhathi-nokuphatha kwe-curves ukuze ushindise ukuthi kungabi nesikhundla sokuphatha

Ambrakeri ase-Traditional ayisebenza ngamandla okuphuma okugcwele, okongena kumkhakha wokuphuma kakhulu ngemikhakha engenakho ekubeni kuyisibonelo sokuphuma kwemikhakha engenakho. Ambrakeri ase-IoT ayihlela ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla okuphuma akhe ase-time-current ngokusebenzisa iziprofili zokusebenza zezinsukwane nezindlela zokungena zemvelo—kufaka ukuthempature nokuthembeka kwe-harmonic. Isistimu sifunda ukuthi sibhekise isibonelo sokuphuma esingenakho (isibonelo: ukusuka kwe-motor) nase-sibonelo sokuphuma esinakho, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuphuma kwezinto ezingenakho. Lokhu kucaphuna ukuthi kunezikhathi eziningi zokusebenza emazini apho kunezinhlobo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene noma ziyizikhathi zokusebenza ngokuphinda-phinda—ngaphandle kokuchitha isibonelo sokuhlinzekile noma isibonelo sokuvikela.

Ukuvikela Okwesiqhelo Nokuthembeka Kwesiqhelo Sokuphuma

Ambrakeri ase-IoT amahle aqondana nezindlela zokuvikela eziyinqanawa okuvikela umphilo wokusebenza ngokuthembeka kwesiqhelo—kubhekisa izimo ezingenakho kabusha ngaphambi kokuba zihlukane kuze kuzwe ukungcoliswa okukhulu.

Ukubhekisa kwe-arc-fault noma kwe-ground-fault okulingana ne-UL 1699B nase-IEC 61008-1

Izisikhangeli zesilingo sezimbi zokuphepha kakhulu zizilungiselela ngokuzinhlamvile amafomu welekthrikhili ukuze zibone izimbi zokuphepha kanye nezimbi zokugcina. Ukubhalwa kwe-UL 1699B kanye ne-IEC 61008-1 kusiza ukuthi kubhekwe kwezimbi ezihlukene zokuphepha kwezinkulungwane, futhi kunciphisa izimbi ezingavumelekile ngokuchazwa kwezifomu—kukhangelwa izimbi ezingahlukeni (isibonelo, ukusebenzisa isikhombisa) kusukela kwezimbi ezingasemthwakweni. Ngokulandela irephothi yase-2025 yase-National Fire Protection Association, leli ubude lokuchazwa kunciphisa isivumelwano sokuphepha kwelekthrikhili ngama-72% kulokho kubhekwa kwezibhrekha zezinhlobo ezintsha.

Ukuvuleka kwezinyangasemitha-20 ngokwahlukanisa kwezinyangasemitha zezicabha

Izikhawu ze-IoT ziphazamisa amaphutha ngemizuzwana engaphansi kwengu-20ngokushesha kunesikhathi sokusabela komuntukuvimbela ukulimala kwemishini nokwehla kwamandla kagesi okuphazamisa izinto zobuchwepheshe obubucayi. Ukuxhumana okukhethiwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi kusebenza kuphela isiphazamisi esiseduze nephutha, kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, iphutha lomhlaba emibuthanweni yokukhanyisa ngeke lenze ukuthi izinhlelo ze-HVAC zivalwe. Lokhu kucacisa kugcina isikhathi sokusebenza ezindaweni zokuhweba kuyilapho kuvimbela izingozi endaweni.

Isakhiwo sokuphepha esinezendlalelo eziningi sihlanganisa isivinini nokuxhumana okuhlakaniphilekudala amanethiwekhi kagesi agxilile aqukethe amaphutha ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi avimbele ukwehluleka kwephuzu elilodwa ukuthi kungene ekuvalweni okubanzi.

Ukuxhumeka Okuphephile Nokuxhumana Okuhambisana Nezindinganiso

I-Wi-Fi, iZigbee, ne-Matter: Ukuhlola isikhathi sokubambezeleka, ukuxhomeka kwehabhu, nokusekelwa kwepulatifomu yekhaya elihlakaniphile

Ukukhetha iprotokholi yokuxhumana okuhle kuyaphatha ukuthembeka, ubude bokugcina kwezinkqubo zokuxhumana, nokwakha kwezinkqubo ngemuva kweminyaka. I-Wi-Fi inika ubungakanani obukhulu nobukhululeko obuphelele kwe-cloud kodwa kungabangela ukuthi kubhekwe isikhathi eside sokuxhumana xa kunezinkinga zokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi futhi kuyaphendula kubukhululeko bokuratha. I-Zigbee inika ukuxhumana okunamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinsiza zokuxhumana ezinamandla angap......

Ukuthembeka kwe-UL 67, UL 489, ne-IEC 60947-2 kubukhulu obuphelele, isilinganiso se-IP, nokuzimela kwezinhlobo zokusebenza

Ngaphezu kwezinkhulumo, izibhreka zezinhlangano zezokugcina (IoT) kufanele zibe nesibindi sezinhlobo zezimfushane nezokugcina ezithiwe ngamathuluzi okuphepha amandla angaphansi kwezizathu zokuphepha amandla. UL 67 isivumela izikhumba zezinhlangano zezokugcina futhi isivumela ukuthi kwenziwe ukuthinteka kwemitha yamandla ukuze kungavunyelwe ukuthinteka ngokukhulu lapho izibhreka eziningi zisebenza ngaphakathi kwezimali. UL 489 isivumela izibhreka zezinhlangano zezokugcina zokubhreka ngokwesibhreka (molded-case) ukuthi zihlale zisibonisa ukuthinteka kwezinhlangano zezokugcina ngokukhulu nokuthinteka ngokwesibhreka ngokwesibhreka—k evene lapho kunezinhlobo zezimali zokuphepha amandla ezingaphansi. Kumaqembu asezingeni lezinye izwe, IEC 60947-2 isivumela izinqumo zezinhlangano zezokugcina zezimali ezingaphansi, kufaka iziqiniso zezinhlangano zezokugcina (isibonelo: IP65 ukuthinteka kwezincili/amanzi) nokuthinteka kwezinhlobo zezimali zokuphepha amandla, ukuthinteka kwezinhlobo zezimali zokuphepha amandla, ukuthinteka kwezinhlobo zezimali zokuphepha amandla, nokuthinteka kwezinhlobo zezimali zokuphepha amandla. Lezi ziqiniso ziyavumela ukuthi izinkhulumo zezimali zezokugcina (solid-state) nezisensha zezokugcina zihlale zisibonisa ukusebenza ngokuphepha amandla ngokuphepha amandla kwezinhlobo zezimali zezokugcina zezimali zezokugcina—ngaphandle kokuthinteka kwezinhlobo zezimali zezokugcina, ukuthinteka kwezinhlobo zezimali zezokugcina, nokuthinteka kwezinhlobo zezimali zezokugcina.

Ukuthinteka Kwemitha Yamanzi Nokuthinteka Kwemitha Yamanzi Ngokwesibhreka Ngokwesibhreka

Ukuphatha kahle kwezindawo zokugcina amandla kuyisisekelo sokusebenza kwezinkampani zokugcina amandla zezinhlangano zezindawo (IoT) ezifakwe emaphaneleni amandla okufaka kwezindawo ezingafanele. Izindlela zokusebenza ngokwesolid-state zihlula ukugcina amandla ngama-40–50% kulokho okwenziwa ngamandla okuziphatha ngokwemvelo, futhi bakhangelwa ngokuthi baphelele i-UL 489 yokuqinisa ukugcina amandla ngokwesikhathi.

• Amaphaneli okugcina amandla okuqukethwe ngokukhulu okunika isibonelo esingafanele sokugcina amandla ngokukhulu ngama-300% emaphaneleni amancane
• Izinto eziphinde zizigqamisa amandla okugcina amandla ngokukhulu okuzigqamisa ama-150 J/g ngeminye imiphumela yokugcina amandla ngokukhulu
• Amathermistor atholakala ngaphakathi okuvuleka ngokuphambuka kwamandla ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngama-85°C

Lezi ziqukethwe zinika ukugcina kwezindawo ngama-95% kulokho okwenziwa ngamandla okuziphatha ngokwemvelo—futhi bakhangelwa ngokuthi baphelele i-10kA yokuqinisa amandla ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi. Ukugcina kwezindawo ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi kubhekisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinhlangano ngama-3–5 iminyaka ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi sokugcina amandla. Abasayensi bavumela ukugcina kwezindawo ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ngokuphambuka kwesikhathi ng......

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