Izindlela Zokusebenzisa I-Vacuum Circuit Breaker Kwezinhlangano Zomthwakazi?

Izinqanawa Zokusebenza Kwemitha Yezimali Zama-Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Amcimbi wezinyawo zokuvalela (VCBs) ayiziphatha kwezinyawo zokuvavanya kwe-mitha yezimali—kanye ne-1 kV ku-52 kV—ngokwakho ukuthi amcimbi ayo ayizivalelwe ngokuphelele ngokuvalela kwe-vacuum, okukhupha ukuthi akhuphi amadoda okuvalela nokuthi akhuphi ukusebenzisa kwe-air ephakeme noma oil yokuvumela. Ukuvavanya kwazo okusheshayo nokuhle kuyaphambana nokuvavanya kwe-air noma kwe-SF₆, okwenza kube yilokho okuthandekayo kwezinyawo zokuvavanya kwezifundo, ukuvavanya kwezinyawo zokugxilwa kwe-bus, ukuvavanya kwezinyawo zokuvumela umkhakha wokufaka ngaphandle kokusebenza, nokuvavanya kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyawo zokuvalela kwezinyaw......

Ukuvavanya Kwezifundo Nokuvavanya Kwezinyawo Zokugxilwa Kwe-Bus Kwemitha Yezimali

Kumazikhululi we-MV, i-VCBs zihlalisa ngokuphelele umkhakha wokuhamba kusuka kwezinye ngokuphelele kanye nezinkampani zokugqibela. Uma kufunywa ukungafanele, zizwisa isitha ngaphansi kwesikhegi esinye—kubizwa ngokuvamile ngemizuzu eyi-10—kukhala ukuthi kuzwakale isibonelo sokuhlala kwezinkampani zokugqibela nezincwadi zokuhamba. Isibonelo sokuhlala se-vacuum interrupter sikhulu kakhulu kakhulu kusiza ukuthi isebenza ngokuphelele ngokuphathelene nokugcina izinkampani eziningi, kusiza ukuthi isebenze ngeminyaka eminingi noma kunzima ukuthi kwenziwe ukuchaza.

Kukusebenza kwezinkampani zokuhlanganisa izinkampani, i-VCBs zisiza ukuthi kwenziwe ngokushesha ukwahlukaniswa kwezinkampani, ukuthi kuhlanganiswe izinkampani zokugqibela noma izindawo zokuchaza ngaphandle kokuthi kuthintwe konke ukuthi kuhamba. Isibonelo sakho sokuthi kusenziwe ukuthi kuhlanganiswe ngokushesha kwezinkampani zokuhamba ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe isibonelo sokuthi kuyabhekwa kusiza abasebenzi ngokuthi bakhulele ukuthi bakhulise ukuthi kuhamba kanye nokuthi kubuyiselwe indawo yokuqhubeka. Izindawo zokusebenza nezindawo zokusebenza zokuthengisa ezenziwe ngokuthi zihlanganise izinkampani ezimbili zisiza lokhu—i-VCBs zisiza ukuthi kubuyiselwe ubukhulu ngokuphelele kwezinkampani eziningi ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe isibonelo sokuthi kuyabhekwa.

Ukuthenga i-Transformer Engaphandle Kokuthi Kuhamba Noma Ukuthenga I-Capacitive Current

Ukukhupha umshini wokugcina ngaphandle kokusebenza kwenza ubungozi: ukukhupha amaqhezu amancane okugcina akhuthaza amandla amaningi okugcina uma ukubuyela kwesibonelo sokugcina kude. I-VCBs isivumelwano ngokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina ngokushesha kakhulu nokuhlanzwa kwezinyathelo ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi kusiza indawo ukubuyela kwezinyathelo zokugcina ngokushesha kakhulu. Nangona kufakwa emingi kakhulu kwezinyathelo zokugcina, ukugcina kwezinyathelo kungabikho.

Ukukhupha amaqhezu okugcina—njengokukhupha izihlombe zokugcina noma izihlombe zokugcina zemigqa yezihlombe—kunakho ubungozi obukhulu lokubuyela kwezinyathelo zokugcina nokubuyela kwezinyathelo zokugcina zokugcina. Ukugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina kwezinyathelo zokugcina k......

Ukuvikela kwezinkinga zokugcina nokubuyela kwezinyathelo zokugcina ngokusebenza kwezinyathelo zokugcina

Ukukhulula Imiphumela Yokugcina Ngokushesha Kwezinhlangano Zemvelo Nezinhlangano Zokuzihamba Ngokuphambuka

AmavCB abeka ukukhulula imiphumela ngokushesha kakhulu kwezinhlangano zemvelo nezinhlangano zokuzihamba ngokuphambuka. Kwezinhlangano zemvelo—apho umthelela wokusebenza uphambuka ngokuphakeme kuphela—bafunda nokukhulula imiphumela yokuqondisa ngaphansi kuka-50 ms, ngokujikisa ukuthi kubhekiswe isibonelo sokufa kwamathuba (IEEE PES 2023). Kwezinhlangano zokuzihamba ngokuphambuka ngezinhlangano zokuphambuka kabili, ukuhlanganisa kahle kwezinhlangano zemvelo kusiza ekukhululeni ngokuzithandaza, okungabangela ukuthi izinhlangano zizihlwa ngokuphambuka. Amavacuum interrupters abe amadoda akhulula ukubuyela kwezinhlangano zokuvalela ngaphezu kuka-100× ngokushesha kunezinhlangano ezisebenzisa i-SF₆, kusiza ekusebenzisa kuhlanganisa kwe-100,000 ngaphandle kokuchazwa kwesilinganiso—lokhu kuyindlela eyinkulu kwezinhlangano zemvelo zasezulwini, apho imiphumela yokugcina iyakwenzela ku-40 kA.

Ukusebenzisa Ngokuzithandaza Ukukhulula Ukuthi Kuphuma Kwamathuba Ne-Ukubuyela Kwamathuba

Iz-VCB eziphakeme zihlanganisa indlela yokubeka emsebenzini eyenzelwe ukuthi kubekwe ngokuhlanganisa ukudlula kwemithambo nokugcina kwe-voltage. Lokhu kunciphisa amandla okuphuma kwe-transformer ngapansi kwe-70% uma kubekiwe emsebenzeni, njengoba kubonisiwe ngamatyhelwano ase-CIGRE. Kumaqondiso okuchitha—kungakhathali ama-cable feeders nezinkampani zama-capacitor—izinhlobo zemithambo yezibhokisi zama-copper-chromium ezihlelwe kunciphisa isibopho sokubeka kabusha ngapansi kwe-90% kunye nezinhlobo zezibhokisi zezinye izinsiza. Uma zihlanganiswa nezinhlobo zezibhokisi zemicroprocessor, lezi zibhokisi ziyabeka ngokuzimela izinkampani zokubeka ngokusebenzisa imininingwane yegrid engaphansi kokuzwa ngokushesha, kunciphisa izinkampani zokubeka ngapansi kwe-1.8 p.u., nangona kubhekene nezinkinga zokubeka kabusha kwe-capacitor.

Ukwenza kakhulu kwesibopho se-Vacuum Circuit Breakers emilayini ye-HV nezinkampani zegrid eziphakeme

I-VCB ziya kusetyenziswa ngokukhulu kunezinqumo zezibalo zomkhosi—kumaqondo okuphakeme (HV) namaqondo okuphakeme kakhulu (EHV) okuyisishwa sokuthumela esikhiphayo kune-72.5 kV. Abaphathisi bezibalo eziphambili manje bavumela ukuthinteka kwemvume yomvume kwezibalo zama-EHV emva kwezibalo ezinkulu nezindlela eziphambili, ikakhulukazi apho izindawo ezingafanele ziyabonakala ngokufana nokubheka isikhundla sakho esingaphezulu kwezinye ezinamandla amaningi noma ezilungile kwe-SF₆ noma ezilungile kwezilwane. Lokhu kukhula ngokukhulu ngamandla asemandleni ekuthinteni i-SF₆—umoya ovela kuzo okunqamuka kakhulu, owenziwa ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kwe-CO₂ ngokuphakeme kwe-23,500—ngokuvumelwa kwe-EU F-Gas Regulation. Umnotho wemvume unika indlela engeyona yokuqamuka kwe-CO₂, eyodwa ngokwemfundo yezibalo, yokuthinteka kwezibalo zokuphakeme.

Kwesikhathi esifanayo, imithambo yezinhlangano zemithambo yezinhlangano—okuyisibonelo sezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano nezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zez......

Amathuba Okuzimela Kwe-Vacuum Circuit Breaker: Ukuphatha Ngokulungile, Ukugxila Ngokwesiqinisekile, nokukhipha kwe-SF₆

Amazwi Okuphatha Ngokulungile Nokuthembekile Kwezinhlangano Zokusebenza Kwe-SF₆

I-VCB zinikeza iziphumo eziningi zokugcina umhlaba ngaphezu kwezinkampani zokubeka izinhlobo zase-SF₆. Ngokwesibalo sokuthi i-SF₆ ina-Global Warming Potential (GWP) esilingana ne-23,500 ngokulinganisa no-CO₂ ngeminyaka eyisikhombisa, futhi yasemthethweni wokugcina umhlaba wase-EU ngokuthi yisifunda se-F-Gas. I-VCB zihlala zizivula ukusebenzisa igasi, izinkinga zokuphuma kwegasi, nokufuna ukubuyela igasi lasekupheleni kwesikhathi. Ukusebenza kwazo okungakho isithelo esingavuthi, noma ukuthi akukho GWP, kuyaqhubeka ngokuphelele nokuthi kuzimele ukuthi kusenziwe ukugcina umhlaba—futhi kuyabonakalisa ukuthi ziyizinto ezingapheliyo zokusebenza kwezinkampani ezintsha kanye nezokuvulwa kabusha.

Ukuhlanganiswa kahle ngezinkampani zezindawo zokusebenza ngendlela enodwa kanye nezinkampani zokugcina umhlaba zokubusa izinhlobo zasezinsukwini

I-VCB ezintsha zisemthethweni zisivumela ukusebenzisa i-architectures zesibhanki sesithonjwa ngokuzimelayo ngezindlela zokuhambisana eziphathelene ne-IEC 61850. Lokhu kusivumela ukubuka okwesikhathi esihlukene kwezinkqubo zokugcina izihlangothi, ukubona ubunzima bezinsimbi, nokubona ukuthi kuyasebenza kangakanani—loba yizinkinga ezibalulekile kwezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza ezinamandla amahhala angaphansi kokubaluleka kwamandla okuphatha. Ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu nokuthi kubaluleke kakhulu kwezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza, futhi kusivumela ukuthi kubhekeleke kwezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka phakathi kweminye imithombo yezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zokubeka......

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

I-VCB ziyasebenzisa nini kwezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zezimitha?

I-VCB (Vacuum Circuit Breakers) ziyasebenzisa kakhulu ukubhukisa izihlangothi, ukubheka izihlangothi zokugcina izinsimbi, ukubhukisa izinsimbi zokungabhalwa ngokuphambili, nokubhukisa amandla okuhamba kwezinsimbi kwezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zezimitha ezinamandla okuphatha kusukela ku-1 kV ku-52 kV.

Kungani i-VCB ziyafunekile kunezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zesi-SF₆ nezinhlanganiselo zokusebenza zesi-ahha?

Amaphetha we-VCB ayathandwa ngokuthi kubhekise kusukela kwezikhathi zokuguqula kahle, isivinini esiphezulu sesibhakabhaka, nokungena kwezinye izigas ezisemkhosini. Ngokuphinda kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ne-SF₆, amaphetha we-VCB ayisemthwakazi futhi azidinga ukulawula okuncane.

Amaphetha we-VCB abhekisa njani ukuthi kufundwa nokugxilwa kwezinkinga emaphetheni we-MV?

Amaphetha we-VCB abhekisa izinkinga futhi abulawa izihlangothi ngemizuzwana yemili, ekuvumelana ukuthi kubekwe ububi lwesikhathi sokuchitha kwezinqakamba zezansi. Abuyisela ukuthi kwenziwe ukugxilwa kahle kwezihlangothi futhi abavumela ukusebenza kwezihlangothi zezindaba zokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekise kwezinkinga zokubuyisa.

Ngabe amaphetha we-VCB angasebenziswe kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimkhosi ezingaphezulu (HV)?

Yebo, amaphetha we-VCB ayasebenziswa kahle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimkhosi ezingaphezulu (HV) nasezimkhosi ezingaphezulu kakhulu (EHV), ekuvumela ukuthi kubhekise kwezinhlelo ezincane nezisemthwakazi ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimkhosi zokusebenza ne-SF₆ noma nezimkhosi zokusebenza nezinkolo.

Izincazelo zokuthi amaphetha we-VCB ziyisemthwakazi zingaphi?

Amaphetha we-VCB ayisibonelo sokungena kwezinye izigas (zero-GWP) ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ne-SF₆. Zibulawa izinkinga zokuhlanza kwezinye izigas futhi ziyagcina izimboni zokuthi zisemthwakazi zezizwe zonke, ziyagcina izimboni zokuthi ziyabhekisa kwezinhlelo zokuthintela izimkhosi zezindaba zokuthintela izimkhosi.

Ukuthi i-VCBs zinconywa njani emasimbanisweni edijithali nezinhlangano zezindlela zokusebenza kwamandla okuphuma kwezinye izindawo?

I-VCBs ezintsha zihlanganisa nezinhlangano zedijithali ngemikhombolo ye-IEC 61850 ukukhombisa ngokushesha. Ziyatholakala ngokufanele kuzidingo olukhulu lokuguqula kwezinhlangano zezindlela zokusebenza kwamandla okuphuma kwezinye izindawo njengezilwane nezinkanyezi.