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Wani masu saita solar a yankin Arewa na Yurupu ya saita sistema na PV na 100 kW a cikin kasa kuma ya gano cewa inverter ya tsaya a 82 kW a lokacin da suka fiye da dukkanin rufe. Inverter mai yawa ya tsofowa ne kamar 20% na karamin kira ta hanyar da aka yi amfani da shi — wani kuskure da za a iya fahimta ta hanyar fahimtar yadda ake canza DC zuwa AC kuma a saba inverter mai yawa da karamin kira. Inverter shi ne babban kungiya na kowane saitin photovoltaic, kuma teknologiya na canzawa ta shi zai nuna yadda yawa na energy na solar da aka saba da panel suna ga shugaban karamin kira na gida ko shugaban karamin kira na yankin.
Yadda ake canza DC zuwa AC
Kara karamin kira ta hanyar da aka yi amfani da shi
Kudaddun kudaddun na gida na kudaddun kudaddun suna samar da amfanin DC a wani tsawo da kudaddun kudaddun wanda suka canza ta yau da kullum da kudaddun kudaddun da kudaddun kudaddun na cell. Don hakan kudaddun kudaddun, yana da wani daga cikin kudaddun kudaddun — wani daga cikin kudaddun kudaddun na amfanin — inda kudaddun kudaddun da kudaddun kudaddun suna samar da amfanin mai ƙarfi. Wani algorizim na MPPT (maximum power point tracking) ana shigar da shi a cikin sistema na kontrol na inverter, wanda ya canza tsawon kudaddun kudaddun na input da kudaddun kudaddun na PV a kowane lokaci don amfani da wannan kudaddun kudaddun na optimal. Algorizim na MPPT na perturb-and-observe shine mafi kyakkyawan: controller ya yi wani canzawa mai zafin tsawo na kudaddun kudaddun, ya duba idan amfanin ya ƙara ko ya ƙara, kuma ya taka a cikin hanyar da ke nufin ƙarfi. A yanzu, string inverters na zaman lafiya suna da kudaddun kudaddun na MPPT na maimakon, kowanne ta kuma ta kama da wani string na kudaddun kudaddun na PV — wannan tsarin ya kare kudaddun kudaddun na shadow a wani string don kare kudaddun kudaddun na performance na kudaddun kudaddun na ba da shadow wanda suka share da wani tracking channel. Kudaddun kudaddun na MPPT — wani daga cikin kudaddun kudaddun na amfanin na array wanda algorizim ya samu — yana ƙara da 99% don kudaddun kudaddun na mafi kyakkyawan da kudaddun kudaddun na irradiance.
Kafa Na Tsarin Kafa Da Gwargwado Na Tsarin Kafa
Kudin DC da aka samu a cikin fasal na MPPT ya zo cikin fasal na kudin inverter, inda kudin semiconductor — wanda ke ƙarƙashin kudin insulated-gate bipolar transistors da suka dace wa 600 zuwa 1,200 volts — suka canza kudin DC zuwa kudin pulsed wanda ya dace da kudin AC da yawa. Pulse-width modulation ta hada fasal na kudin: ta hanyar canzawa tsawon kowane kudin voltage a matsayin kudin sine wave mai nuna, kudin kuma average voltage a kowane tushen fasal ya dace da kudin sine wave da aka so. Kudin kudin da aka yi, wanda ke 16 zuwa 20 kilohertz a cikin kudin modern, ya fi kyau don haka cewa kudin filter — wanda ke shirin kudin inductors da capacitors — zai iya kara kudin pulsed zuwa kudin sine wave mai kyau wanda har yanzu kudin harmonic ya kashe 3 percent. Wannan fasal na filtering ya dace sosai saboda kudin harmonic mai yawa a cikin kudin inverter zai iya haifar da kudin gaba daya a kudin motors da suka daka, kudin kusurci a cikin kudin electronic equipment da suka dace, da kudin kasa a cikin kudin grid protection relays idan inverter ya bayar kudin zuwa kudin utility.
Kawo Kuma Tashin Zane Na Transformer
Inverters na kawo aiki da gida su ya zama daidai a cikin yadda suka kawo voltage, frequency, da phase angle na su da kawo na gida a baya da kawo. Sistemin da suke kontroli na inverter ya yi amfani da circuits na sensori don ganin voltage na gida kuma ya sao pattern na switching don zama daidai da shi a cikin limits na tight — ta hanyar yadda ake amfani da ±0.1 hertz don frequency kuma a cikin wani hanyar few degrees don phase angle. Inverters na iya transformer sun amfani da transformer na low-frequency don ba da galvanic isolation a tsakanin kawo na DC da AC, wanda ke ba da protection na inherent don DC current injection a cikin gida kuma ya sao kawo na grounding system design. Inverters na iya transformerless su taimaka da transformer na iron-core, wanda ke taimaka da karamin weight, size na f physical, da karamin cost kuma ya sao conversion efficiency da 1 zuwa 2 percent. Wani abu ne da suka taimaka da shi shine inverters na iya transformerless su bukatar circuits na sophisticated DC leakage current detection da suppression don samun grid connection standards, kuma suna da karamin ungrounded PV array configurations don haifar da capacitive leakage paths a cikin panel frames zuwa ground.
Kamalikar da Kuskuren Cikin Gida
Kamalikar na inverter mai zaman kasa ya zama 97 zuwa 99% a lokacin da aka fahimta shi daidai, amma kamalikar EU — wanda ke nufin kuma ta hanyar yadda inverter ya yi a cikin duniya mai haɗa — ke ba da bayani na yadda inverter ya yi a yau da kullum. Bayanin EU ke nufin kuma ta hanyar yadda inverter ya yi a farko, gaba, da kuma farko: 3% a 5% load, 6% a 10%, 13% a 20%, da kuma kuma ta hanyar yadda inverter ya yi a farko zuwa 100% load, wanda ke nufin yadda inverter ya yi a rana mai kusa da kusurwar solar. Kamalikar ya kara a farko saboda inverter ke so kuma a cikin gida — don control electronics, cooling fans, da kuma switching losses — ke zama yawa a cikin yadda inverter ya yi. Yadda a za a zauna inverter don ya yi a cikin bandar inverter wanda ke nufin yadda inverter ya yi a farko zuwa 70% na capacity — wanda ke nufin yadda inverter ya yi a farko zuwa 70% na capacity — ke nufin yadda inverter ya yi a farko zuwa 70% na capacity.
Masu Sabon Gaskiya
Shin kuma yana ƙarancin bayanai na string inverter da microinverter?
String inverter su ƙara da kadan PV module a cikin series zuwa gaba daya na inverter, wanda ke da rating 1 zuwa 100 kW. Microinverter su ƙara da inverter mai yawa a kadan kadan na module, wanda ya saha DC zuwa AC a darajar panel. Microinverter su taimaka wajen kare hanyar fuskantar da kariya ta hanyar shaida kuma su taimaka wajen kare loss na shading amma su fi kuma daga wajen kudin watt da aka saha.
MPPT yana aiki ne kamar yadda yake taimakawa wajen kare halin da cloud su canza sosai?
Advanced MPPT algorithms sun haɗa da bin diddigin tsinkaye wanda ke tsammanin canje-canjen radiance bisa ga abubuwan da suka faru na kwanan nan maimakon makanta da kallo. A yanayin da ba a yi haske sosai ba, inda hasken zai iya canjawa da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a cikin sakanni, waɗannan algorithms suna riƙe daidaito fiye da kashi 98 cikin ɗari.
Me ya sa lambobin grid ke buƙatar masu juyawa don samun kariya ta tsibirin?
Takon kari na anti-islanding yana amfani da inverter don fara kawo daga grid a cikin 2 sekondi na wani gudunmawa na utility, domin bai ba PV system ya sa wani hissa na grid da suka yi fahimtar su ne ba su da kari. Wannan shi ne abu da yawa a cikin hankali na safiya wanda ke ciki duka standardin da suka hada da IEEE 1547 da IEC 62116.
Wace abu ne ya zama cause na inverter clipping kuma yaya za a jiya shi?
Clipping yana daga wani bayani idan kari na DC daga PV array ta fi kari na AC na inverter. Inverter ya kara kari a cikin kari ta yawa, kuma ya tsohu kari na musamman. Sizing mai kyau yana haɗawa kari na peak na DC na array — idan kuma 1.1 zuwa 1.3 kari na kari na AC na inverter — da kari na inverter, ya sanya kari mai yawa a lokacin da aka samu lokaci na kari na musamman don ba a guda inverter.
Yaya ya iya jinya kari na tsakiya na gida a cikin kari na inverter?
Ingancin injin yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki na ciki ya tashi, kuma injin yawanci yana rage ƙarfin fitarwa lokacin da yanayin zafin jiki ya wuce 40 zuwa 45 ° C. Shigarwa a cikin inuwa, wurare masu iska mai kyau maimakon hasken rana kai tsaye a kan rufin gida na iya rage zafin jiki na aiki da 10 zuwa 15 °
Shin inverters na iya samar da ƙarfin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ga grid?
Masu juyawa na zamani da aka haɗa da grid zasu iya aiki a wasu abubuwan iko banda haɗin kai, suna yin allurar ko sha ƙarfin aiki kamar yadda mai kula da cibiyar sadarwa ko mai kula da shafin ya umarta. Wannan damar, wanda aka ba da umarni ta hanyar lambobin cibiyar sadarwa na yau da kullun a cikin yankuna da yawa, yana ba da damar tsarin PV don ba da gudummawa ga daidaita ƙarfin wutar lantarki maimakon kawai fitar da wutar lantarki.