Ukuthintela Iziproblemi Zomlando Zemithambo Yemibili Yezinkulungwane?

Ukuqonda nokuhlela Iziphulo Zezinhloso Emithambeni Yemibili Yezinkulungwane

Ukuqonda izinyathelo zokugcinwa kwesibonelo: imibala engavisi nezinyathelo ezingavisi noma ezingaqondi kakhulu

Ngisho noma ngomzuzu wokugcina, umkhumbi wamanzi uvala, amanzi ayadlula. Lokho okudlulayo kungabizwa ngokuthi kubizwa ngokuthi kufakwa kwezinto ezinconywayo. Amathuba okungabonakali kwenkumbi yamanzi angaba ngokungabi nesibonelo sokusebenza kwemoto. Kule meko, hlola ukuthi imoto iyasebenza kahle futhi ukuthi iphakamisa ngaphezu kwe-3.6 V DC. Amabuthoni angasebenzi kungaba ngokuthi kuselwa kwezinto zokuzima okanye kungaba ngokuthi kuselwa kwezinto zokusebenza. Umsebenzi owodwa ngokwesibonelo kwenkumbi yamanzi ungaba ngokuthi isibonelo sithola lapho amanzi asenxa, emva kwalokho sisekela lapho amanzi asenxa. Lokhu kungaba ngokuthi kuselwa kwezinto zokuzima kwenkumbi yamanzi okanye ukuthi kuselwa kwezinto zokusebenza. Hlola konke amasili nekhonteynaya yenkumbi yamanzi ngamanzi. Noma yinkhoba encane yamanzi ingayikhipha ngokuphelele isikhathi sokusebenza kwenkumbi yamanzi.

Izindaba zokungafani kwezincwadi ngokuthi kuselwa kwezinto zokuzima: ukuchitha izincwadi zokuzima nezincwadi zokuzima kweziflow

73% yezindlela zokungafani kwezincwadi ziyisifunda ngokuthi kuselwa kwezinto zokuzima nokuthi kuselwa kwezinto zokuzima. Yenza njalo ukuthi ubeka inkumbi yamanzi phansi kabusha ngaphambi kokwenza ukuchitha:

Sebenzisa isopropyl ne-anti-static njenge-brush ukuhlola amaslot wezicard futhi ususwe izindlela zokufilwa kwezinsimbi ngosolusheni lwesitrikhi asidi ngemiphumela yezinkambo eziyisigaba sesikhombisa (10%) ngemizuzu emishumi. Emva koko, faka icard eyodwa yomsebenzi. Ukungafani kwe-card kubhalwa kusukela kumodi yokuhlola futhi izinhlelo ziyabhalwa ukuphatha ukuthi zisebenza kangakanani.

Amagugu asemaphakathini angahlela ekuthi kubhalwe okungafanele futhi nokuthi isikhathi se-magnetic fields sifika kumakhulu okuyisigaba. Lokhu kungahlela ukuthi kubhekelwe ukuthi kungasebenzi. Lokhu kungavunyelwa uma uvuli lwezinhlelo zokuphatha umkhosi wokuvula futhi wovulwa kabusha ngezikhathi eziningi ukuze kuvunyelwe umkhosi. Amagugu asemaphakathini angahlela ekuthi kubhalwe okungafanele futhi nokuthi isikhathi se-magnetic fields sifika kumakhulu okuyisigaba.

Izinkinga zokuhlanganisa isignali yewater meter enobuhle, i-gateway, nokungafani komkhosi

Ukuthumela isinyathelo esingafaneleyo kuyisibonelo sesiphumo sokungatholakali kwemithambo yezindaba yamaphetha amahle wezilwane. Izinkinga zezindaba zikhona kakhulu ngokuthumela kusuka kwezilwane ku-gateway, ikakhulu emabhasementi noma emazinkundleni ezansi kwebhuloko lapho izinkundla zezilwane, umhlaba, nokomthi kubeka isinyathelo se-RF/LoRaWAN siphuma ngokupheleleyo ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kakhulu......

Ukuvutha isinyathelo se-RF/LoRaWAN emabhasementi noma emazinkundleni ezansi kwebhuloko

Ukuze sifike kusinyathelo esihle, abadala bethu bavuthile iziphakamiso zilandelayo:

-Faka amarepeyitha amancane ngendlela yezimetro ezi-100 kuizilwane zokugcina ukuze sibuyise indlela yokuthumela.

-Sondeza izihlangothi ngokuphakeme ukubhekana nezinkundla zezilwane zokuphakeme ukuze sivuthise i-RSSI ngokuphakeme kakhulu kwe-15 ku-25 dB.

-Sebenzisa izibhokisi zezilwane zepolikarbonethe endaweni yezomthi, ngoba azisindisi isinyathelo se-2.4 GHz.

-Sebenzisa umkhakha wokuxhumana (mesh networking) ukuze kubhalelwe idatha ku-gateway kusuka kwezilwane zokugcina, ukubhekana nokudla lapho ukuxhumana kungafanele.

Lezi zisolve zizokhula ukuphela kwe-packet kwezifundo zemithambo yasezulwini (LPWAN) kusukela kune-40% kuze kube ngezansi yama-5% kuma-12 amathuluzi asekhaya esikhumbuzi.

Ukuvunywa kwezinkinga zokuxhumana — ukugxilwa kwegateway, ukusakazwa kwe-APN, nokuchekwa kwesikadi se-SIM

Izinto ezintathu zihlukanisa izinkinga zokuxhumana eziphakeme kakhulu ezinakho:

Izinkinga zokugxilwa kwegateway: Ukuze kwenziwe ngokuphelele ukugxilwa, khupha kabusha ibhokisi le-meter ne-gateway ukuze banele emhlabeni wawo ophakeme kune-10 meters, futhi wenza ukuthi izinto zombili zibe kumodi yokufunda. Qiniseka ukuthi akukho zinto zokuxhumana zase-Bluetooth noma wi-fi zibe phakathi kwezinye izinto zokuxhumana.

Ukusakazwa kwe-APN: Qiniseka ukuthi ibhokisi le-meter eliqinisekile ngokusebenza kwe-cellular liqinisekile ngokusebenza kwe-Access Point Name (APN) okulinganisa nokuthi kubhekwe ngu-carrier, njengoba ama-68% wezinkinga zokuxhumana kwe-4G/5G zihlukaniswa ngalesi siphumo.

Izinkinga zokusebenza kwe-SIM card: Chaza isikadi se-SIM ngokuphakeme kwezinsuku zomnyaka. Chaza ukuthi kune-corrosion noma izinkinga zokuhlela kwezinye izinto ngokuphakeme kwezinsuku zomnyaka. Isikadi se-SIM asisewa uma iphakeme kwe-3V ngokuchazwa kwebhatteri ngoba lokhu kubonisa ukuthi isikadi se-SIM siyisidla.

Ukusebenzisa lezi zizindlela zokuhlola ngokuphatha kwezinkampani kuzoba kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwe-connection ngama-80%, kubuyisiza ukukhipha imininingwane futhi ukubona ukugcina kwezindawo ezingasemthwakweni.

Imibuzo Yokuphatha Amathuluzi Wamanzi Ezigcwele

Kunezimpilo ezithathu eziphakathi kwezinkinga zokuphelele kwezindlela zokufaka isikhombiso esingaphandle kwezindawo: izindawo eziphakathi, ezinqamlezileyo ngaphandle kwesikhombiso sesihlangu, nezindawo ezincane. Izindawo ezincane, njengezindawo zokugcina emzini nezindawo zokugcina ezincane, zihlukise indlela yokusebenza kwamabhatari. Amasignali angaphezu kwezinye ayakubangela ukungasebenzi kwebhatari ngeminyaka eyi-3–6. Izindawo zokugcina zingaphandle kwezindawo zingaba yinkulu. Ngoba ukufaka isikhombiso esingaphandle kwezindawo kuyisilinganiso sokuthenga, umkhakha wokugcina uyilungelo lokusebenzisa amabhatari futhi amaphaneli we-solar ngaphandle kwesikhombiso sesihlangu. Ukuthumela idatha ngaphezu kwezinye ukuze kube lula ukuthola ukungafani kwezinye kuyakhulisa izindlela zokuthenga kwebhatari ngama-30–50% ngoba isistimu iyadinga ibhatari elikhulu ukuthumela idatha ngaphezu kwezinye. Okwesidlangalala, amabhatari yayizinto ezingapheli kusistimu, futhi xa zihlupheka, ukujabulisa nokusebenzisa isistimu ngokuphambili kuzokhuphuka, futhi okwesokuphambili kokuthola izinkinga kuzobeka phansi, futhi isibopho sokungathengi amanzi siza kuvutha.

Ukucinga ngokubala kokusebenzisa amanzi ngametri wezinkambo zomnandi

Kungakwenzeka ngokuphakanyiswa kwezifiltela, ukuguqula kwesifunda, noma ukuguqula kwesensorka

Amfundo angakubonisa izinto ezingavamile ngamazwi okuphysika nokwesibonelo, akungabikho ngokungafanele kwelektroniki. Ukugcwaliswa kwe-filter yokuvala kungabangela ukuthi amanzi abonakaliswe ngokungafanele ngomlando ophansi kwezinhlobo zezinto ezingu-15-30% kulokho okwenzeka ngempela, njengoba kuchazwa emaqenjini ka-ASME MFC-3M. Uma kubonakala ukuguqula kwesifunda sika-pressure ngama-±20% isikhundla sokusebenza kwe-valve, amfundo angakubonisa izinto ezingavamile ngokungafanele ngokuthi ameteri aselektroniki nezomthwalo wasekhaya ayathuluzwa ukuze sebenze emizimbeni eyodwa. Ukuguqula kwesensor kungabangela ukuthi amfundo abonakalise izinto ezingavamile ngokuphakeme kakhulu. Amqondo owenziwe yi-agency yabonisa ukuthi ubukhulu bakwesifunda ababona akwazi ukufikilela kwezinhlobo zezinto ezingu-±2%. Ukuze kubonakalise izinkinga zezinto ezingavamile, kudingeka:

1. Lungelela amascreni we-filter ukubona ukuthi kunezinkomo nezilithi ezihlukene ngeminyaka yezintandathu

2. Faka i-pressure ukuze ubone izinhlobo zokuguqula okuhambisana nezinkinga zokubonakalisa.

3. Yenza ukubhekana kwezindlela zokubala ngonyaka ngonyaka ngokusebenzisa izinkampani zokuzimisa ezinokufinyelela (isibonelo: imitha yomkhulu noma umkhiqizo wokubala ngomthwalo).

Ukubala okungafanele kusho kwezinyathelo zokugcina okuthi kuyabuka phakathi kwemilayili, amatshe, namapampu emipumpu. Lokhu kudinga ukufaka emipumpeni eyodwa (10D emuva kwezindawo zokuphuma, futhi 5D emuva kwezindawo zokuphuma njengesibonelo sokuziphatha).

Ukuhlola izinkinga zezindlela zokuthenga amanzi: ukungafanani kwezindlela zokuxhumana zezikadi ze-IC futhi ukulungisa izinkampani zezikadi ze-EEPROM

Kunezizindlela eziningi ezingakwazi ukubangela ukungafani kwezinkinga ngokwenza isikhipha. Ukungafani kungaba ngu-“ukungafani kwesikhombiso,” kwi-IC card. Uma lokhu kufana, hlola isibonelo. Amitha asebenzisa amandla ayisisekelo ayasebenza ngokulingana nezivinini zika-ISO/IEC 14443 ka-Type A noma ka-Type B. Kepha, kungabikho okuningi kokuguqula kwezikhombiso ngokuhambanana kwezifundo zokusebenza (firmware). Kunezinkambo eziyisikhombiso esingaphezu kwe-70%, izinkinga zihlaziywa ngokugcina izifundo zokusebenza. Kumaqondo apho kunezinkinga eziphinda zihlaziywa, umkhombi we-EEPROM, owabhalisa izinkinga zokusebenza nezibalansi zokuthenga, kufanele kuchazwe. Umthwalo wokuphatha okungafani kuyizimangaliso zokuphatha amandla uma i-EEPROM iyabhalwa ngaphakathi. Izindlela zilandelayo zisiza kulemiqondo:

Ukucisha kwe-EEPROM ngokuphatha kwezimali nokuvula kabusha kwezifundo zokusebenza ngokuphatha kwezimali ukuze kususwe izihloko zeminye imikhombi eyasendaweni yezimali

Ukubuyela kabusha ubalansi noma ubalansi lwokuthenga ngokusebenzisa isikhathi sokusebenza kweserver, okwenziwa ngokubuyela izinkinga zokusebenza

Ukubuyela i-EEPROM (kepha kuphela emva kokuthi kubonakale ukuthi kukhona ukungafani kwezinto, njengokugqulwa komphakathi noma ukuphatha kwesikhombiso)

Kubonakala kusukela emibhalweni yokuhlela imisebenzi yebhizinisi yezinkampani ezine zokusebenzisa i-AMI, ukufaka amasuppressor ayezinkampani zokugcina umoya wokugcina, njengoba nokuphakanyisa izifundo zokuzivocavoca zememory ngeminyaka yezimbili, kusiza ekuthinteni iziphulo zezindlela zokusebenza ngemithandathu nemashumi amabili.

Imibuzo Eshicilekile: Imiphumela Yezinkampani Zokubhala Amazibuko Amanzi

Yiziphi izizathu zokuba izinkampani zokubhala amazibuko aseNtuli ziyabona isikhombiso esisodwa?

Lokhu kungaba ngokwesizathu esiningi, okuphakade kuyisizathu sokubhala kwesiqulelo. Qiniseka ukuthi ivoltilethi yebhatthiri ayikwazi ukuba yingapansi kwe-3.6V DC.

Yiziphi izizathu zokuba izinhlayo zezinkampani zokubhala amazibuko aseNtuli ziyasebenza?

Lokhu kusho kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso sesikhundla, noma ngokufika kwamafutha emkhathi wokubhala kwezinhlayo zezinkampani zokubhala amazibuko aseNtuli.

Yini indlela ephambili yokuchitha izihlangothi zezikadi ze-IC?

Indlela enenhle yokuqonda kukusebenzisa i-isopropyl alcohol noma isibhakabhaka esisilungile.

Ngingakwenzeni kanjani ukuthuthukisa izisignal zesiRF/LoRaWAN emaphakathini?

Ukufuna ukuthi isignali ibe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ungasebenzisa izikhombisi zokuphinda isignali se-RF esinezimali noma se-LoRaWAN, shintsha izindawo zezinyawo, sebenzisa izibhokisi zepolycarbonate, noma wenze izinguquko zokwekha kwesignali.

Izizindaba zizingabi ziningi zokubophelela kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana zemitha ezenziwa ngokomkhakha futhi izisolution zazo ziyiphi?

Izinhlelo zokuxhumana zemitha ezenziwa ngokomkhakha zingabophelela ngamaphutha amadala okugateway, ukusethwa kwe-Access Point Name (APN) okungafanele, nokudlula kwe-SIM card.

Izizindaba zizingabi ziningi zokubophelela kwezilinganiso zemitha yamanzi ezenziwa ngokomkhakha?

Izizindaba zizingabi ziningi zokubophelela kwezilinganiso zemitha yamanzi ezenziwa ngokomkhakha zingahlanganisa ukublockiswa kwe-filter, izinguquko zokuphakama kwezindawo zokunika amanzi, nokuphatha kwesensor. Ukwenza ukulunga kwezinsuku zokulunga kuzoba yindlela yokukhula lezinkinga.

Izizindaba zizingabi ziningi zokubophelela kwezicard ze-IC?

Izinkinga eziqondile zokhulula kwe-IC cards ziyizinkinga zokupheleka kwamaphathi amabili nekukhulula kwe-EEPROM yecard. Lezi zinkinga ziyisolveka ngokubuyisela ukufaka isoftwe apha futhi ukubuyisela lezi zikhulu zememory.