Izindlela Zokusebenza Kwezinsiza Zokusebenza Kwemithombo Yomoya Ngokwemvelo?

Ubukhulu obungapheleki bokusebenza kwemithambo ngezinhlelo zokuziphatha

Ukucinga kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kwezimali – Lokhu kuyiphi indlela?

Ukuthwasa kwezindawo zokuphatha amandla angaphezulu okunqamuka kwezindawo zokuthumela amandla ngaphansi kwesizwe sikhona kuzoba nokuthwasa kwezindlela zokufa. Kunezinkambo ezingaphezulu kwe-70% zezindlela zokuthumela amandla e-United States ezingu-25 ngezinsuku. Izindlela zokukhupha amandla ezinkambo zokuphatha amandla ziyakhupha ngokuphakeme kwe-200% emva kweyinyanga ye-2000 (Inqubo yokuqhubeka kweGrid yase-DOE, 2023). Ukuthwasa kwezindawo zokuphatha amandla kanye nezinkambo zokuthwasa kwezinkambo zokuthwasa, izikabili, izihluzi, nezinkambo zokuthwasa kuzoba nokuthwasa kwezinkambo zokuthwasa. Lokhu kubiza izinkambo zokuphatha amandla ngokuvamile $740,000 ngohora lokukhupha (Instituti yasePonemon, 2023). Lokhu ukuthwasa okuphakeme kubonisa ukuthi kufanele kube kususwe indawo yokuphatha amandla.

Ukuthwala Kwemithwalo Yekhodi Yenqubo Yokuphatha Amadla

Izintechonoloji ze-IoT ne-AI zisebenziswa ukusikha ngokuphambuka izisitemu zesimanzi esihle ukubona iziphulo. Uma kubonakala isiphulo, izivithi ezingavunyelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo zizokuvula umphakathi wokugcina okuthathwe yisiphulo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umnandaba ungasolwa ngemilayini eyodwa, futhi lokhu kwenziwa ngokuphelele ngokwesibonelo. Le ndawo yokuzokufuna ngokwesibonelo iyabuyisa ubukhulu be-90% kunezisitemu zezinye ezinamandla okuzokufuna ngokujwayelekileyo nokuzokufunda ngokujwayelekileyo.

Isivumelwano Sesikhombisa Isisitemu Esijwayelekileyo Isisitemu Esihle
Isikhathi Sokubona Isiphulo Emizuzwana emi-30+ <1 sekondi
Isikhathi Sokuvula Ngokujwayelekileyo: Emizuzwana emi-2–5 Sekondi
Abasemthwakazi abanamandla 1,000+ <50

Amaphenyo Kusuka Ku-Pilot We-Self-Healing Grid Ya-Chattanooga

Isisitemu sokugcina esizokufuna ngokwesibonelo se-Chattanooga EPB, eyodwa kwezinye zezinye eziqala ku-USA, yasho indlela yokubuyeza ubukhulu ngokuphelele. Uma kwenziwe ukuthi kubhekwe konke isisitemu, le mpilo yasemthwakazi yayakwazi ukufa
+ 40% ukunciphisa kwezimizuzwana zokungafumaneka kwakho,
+ 60% ukunciphisa kwezinhloko zezinkulungwane zomuntu ozokufundwa ngokuphelele ngokuphansi kokuhlukaniswa kwezinto,

Ukubuyeza kwesikhathi esihlukile ngokuzenzakalelayo ngezimo zezulu ezinkulu, ngokushesha kusukela ekubuyenzweni kwesikhathi sokuphuma kwesikhathi sokugcina umkhakha wokusebenza, ukubonisa isibonelo sesikhathi sokubuyela ngokwakho, isistimu yokuqala esingaphansi kwezimo zezulu futhi esinamandla. Emaswakini amabili edlule, umkhakha wokusebenza wabuyeleka ngokulingana ne-45% noma ngapansi kwalokho, NREL 2023.

Ukugxilwa Kwamandla Okuphathelene Nokuzimelaka

Ukuziphatha Kwezinkinga Zokungafani Ngokusebenzisa Ukulawula Kwamandla Ngokushesha

Umbuso wendlela uyadikisela ukuphatha kwezindawo zokugenera kwesolasi nezindawo zokugenera kwemithambo, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona ukugenera okungafanani kwezindawo zokugenera njengazo. Indlela eyodwa yokulungisa lokhu kuyasebenzisa izinhlelo zokugenera kwesilika esihle esiqondisa ukubalansisa okufanayo kwezimali, noma ukususa indawo yamandla ngaphansi kwesikhathi sokugcina ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusebenzisa idatha yezisensha nezindlela zokuhlela ngokuphelele. Ngokumzekelwa, izimali zokusebenza ezingavumelekileyo ziyakwakhiwa emasimini apho ukugenera kakhulu kuyatholakala, futhi lokhu kunciphisa ukugcina kwezindawo zokugenera ngokuphelele ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngokuphakeme kwe-19% (IRENA 2021). Lokhu kusiza ekuseleni kwesikhathi sokugenera kwevoltage ne-frequency ngaphandle kokunqoba izinkampani eziningi zokubuyisa izinhlelo.

Ukuxhumana kwe-Utility kumaconsumers futhi ukubambisana kwezindawo zokugenera ephakathi

I-grid yendlela yempilo ayinakubona noma ukuphatha izinto eziningi zokugcina amandla, njengokugcina amandla ngokusebenzisa i-battery, i-solar yasekhanda, noma i-microgrid yezindlu, kanye noma ziyizinye. I-networks zesikhathi esihlukene zisolve le mibuzo ngokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuhambisana ezimbili, okuyisiza abasemthwini ukuphatha nokuphakamisa izinto zokugcina amandla ngokushesha kakhulu. Isibonelo, umsebenzi wokugcina amandla okuvela kwezindlu zokugcina amandla ngokusebenzisa i-solar photovoltaic ungalisebenzisa ukugcina i-batteries yama-EV ngamatshe ayo apho kunezinkinga zokugcina amandla. Le ndlela yokuphakamisa isiphumo sokuguqula umsebenzisi ongenakusebenza ku-umsebenzisi osebenzisa amandla ngokwakhe (prosumer), okuyisiza ukuthi izinhlelo zokugcina amandla zizimele zokuphatha, futhi zilahlela ukuthi izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezigcwele zizigcine amandla ngokushesha ngokulinganisa ngo-8 ku-12%.

Ukuphatha Ukufuna Okufanele Ukulahla Ukuphakama Kwesikhathi Sokugcina Amadla

Izindleko Zeminyaka Yokuqondisa Ukugcina Amadla Ngokushesha Kuleli Ntonga Ziyi-$27 Bililyon

Ukufunda ukuthi kuzokwenzeka ukuthi kubhekwe izinkinga ezizimangaliso, zezikhathi ezingaphansi (isibonelo: izinkathi zokuphuma kwesihlanu), abaprofayili bokusebenzisa i-utility kufanele banikeze i-generation ne-transmission capacity esifanayo noma ngaphezu kwezidinga. Lokhu kubiza ukuthi kubhekwa isilinganisi sezimali zeminyaka yezigaba zama-$27 billion kwezimali zaseMeyrika (i-Department of Energy yaseMeyrika 2023), kuyenza ukuthi izimali zokusebenzisa ziyakhula kubantu abasebenzisa futhi kuyabusa izimali ukusuka kwezinye izindlela zokuhlanganisa izimali eziningi noma eziphambili. Ukusebenzisa i-smart grid technologies kungasiza ekunciphiseni lokhu ngokuvumela ukuthi i-dynamic demand response isebenzise ukuthi kubhekwe izinkinga ngokusheshayo ngokuthi kubhekwe izinkinga ngokusheshayo ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe izinkinga ezintsha. Lokhu kubiza ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi......

Abathuthi bakhuluma ngokuthi i-smart electricity systems isebenzisa kanjani futhi bakhuluma ngokuthi kuyenza kanjani ukuthi kubhekwe izimali zokusebenza nokuthi kubhekwe izimali zokuphatha izinto ngokusheshayo.

Ngokusebenzisa imithambo yezimali zokusebenza kwelektrikhi, abathengi bangathola izimpendulo zezinsizakalo zokubhala ngokushesha ngemali, ukuphakanyiswa kwe-grid (ukuthanda okwanele kunezindlela zokuthengisa), nokubeka amazwi emithambo yezimali. Izimpendulo ziholwa ngemithambo yezimali ephambili noma ngemithambo yezimali eyisisekelo, futhi zibangela ukuguqula okwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, okwenzelwe ngumsebenzisi (isibonelo: ukuguqula isikhundla sokugcina kwe-thermostat noma ukususa ukusebenza kwemithambo yezimali yekhanda lezinyoni). Emaphrojekthi wokuzama, lokhu kubangela ukupheleka kokuthanda okwanele ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-15 ku-20% kwezinye izindawo ezinamandla okwanele kwezimali zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezimali zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zok......

Izisikrini zesimanzi esihle zinobungozi obuthe bokuthenga izimpilo, okuyinto eyakhiwa ngokubhekisele kubungozi obuthe bokusebenza. Ukusetha kwesikhathi kusiza ekuphulukeni kokubheka kwe-grid, okuyindlela eyenziwa ngomsebenzi wokusebenza futhi iyathatha ama-15 kuya ku-30% yezimali, ngaphandle koko kusiza ekunqamuzeni ukugcina kwe-transformers (ukugcina ngokwemibono), okuyinto eyakhiwa ngokugcina kwe-grid futhi iyakhula ubude bokusebenza kwezinto zokusebenza futhi iyavimba izimali zokusebenza ngokusha. Lonke lokhu kubungozi kusiza ekuphulukeni kokubheka kwe-grid kwezimali zokubheka kwe-grid, okuyinto ephendula i-Department of Energy njengoba yizimali zama-$27 billion ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubheka kwe-load kusiza ekuphulukeni kokubheka kwe-fossil fuel okubhekiswa ngokusebenza kwe-energy kwe-system ngokusebenza kwe-grid. Izisikrini zesimanzi esihle zingasiza ekuphulukeni kwe-CO2 kwe-grid ngama-8 kuya ku-12% ngaphandle kokuqinisa izimali zokusebenza ngokuphulukeni kokubheka kwe-line losses futhi ngokusebenzisa amaqhina okusebenza kwe-renewables lapho avela. Izisikrini zesimanzi esihle ziyizimali zokusebenza futhi ziyizimali zokuphulukeni kwezimpilo kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu zokusebenza kwezindlu......

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ithi yini igrid engeyona yokuqinisa?

Amagrid okuqinisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ayisebenzisa ukugcina kwezinyathelo zokuphulaphula nokususa izimpilo ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi abayisebenzisa ukugcina kwe-AI nezinhlobo zezincwadi zezinto zokuhlanganisa (IoT) ukuze bafaka indlela entsha yokubeka amandla futhi bakubonise izimpilo. Amagrid okuqinisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ayabeka ububi beziphakade kancane kunamagrid amahle okukhanya.

Ukuthi umfanekiso wamagirdi ethu kuthintana kanjani nokuthintana kwemiphumela?

Ukuthintana kuthintana ngokusebenzisa umfanekiso wamagirdi ethu ngokubona ngokushesha kanye nokuphulaphula izimpilo. Umfanekiso wokuzenzakalelayo uyathintana nokuthintana futhi uyabeka isikhathi sokuphakade kuncane. Ukuthintana okuvamile kuyabeka ukusebenza kwezindawo zokuthengisa amandla nokubalwa kokufakwa kwezindawo ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze kubhekwe emaphakathini amagirdi.

Ziziphi iziphumo zokugxilisa amandla angcono ngezindawo zokuthengisa amandla?

Ukubalansiswa kwezimali zokusebenza ngokushintshana nokugxila kwe-grid esihle nokunyusa amandla angaphansi kwezinye izinsiza kusindisa ukungafani kwezimali zokusebenza futhi kuyisimiso sokusebenzisa izimali ngokuphelele. Ukugxila kwezinsiza zokunyusa amandla nokugxila kwe-grid esihle kuyisibonelo esihle ngoba kusindisa ukungafani kwezimali zokunyusa amandla futhi kuyisimiso sokuphatha ukunyusa amandla ngokuphelele ngezimali ezincinci zokuthumela amandla

Ukuthi niyithini i-dynamic demand response?

I-dynamic demand response iyophatha ukunyusa amandla ngokushintshana ngamaphepha athile avela kwe-grid. Ukuphatha ukunyusa amandla ngokushintshana ngemikhatsi yokuqala kuyenza ukuthi i-grid ibe yisibonelo esihle futhi kusindisa ukunqamuka kwamadoda okwakha izinto ezingahlanganisi ukunyusa amandla